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- Title
Prevalence of haematuria positively associated with urine albumin excretion in Type 2 diabetes.
- Authors
Shen, F.-c.; Lee, C.-t.; Sun, C.-k.; Chung, M.-s.; Lee, J.-j.; Chang, H.-w.; Hsieh, C.-j.; Yang, K. D.; Liu, R.-t.
- Abstract
Diabet. Med. 29, 1178-1183 (2012) Abstract Aims Some guidelines or studies consider haematuria an indication for renal biopsy or a potential cause of albuminuria that precludes accurate assessment of urinary albumin excretion. This study examined the justification of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes and its associations with other diabetes-related variables. Methods Between May and November 2008, patients with Type 2 diabetes at a single centre with data on urinary albumin excretion and urinalysis in the same urine sample were recruited. Urinary albumin excretion was determined by urine albumin/creatinine ratio in spot urine. Diagnosis of haematuria was made by positive urine occult blood from 1+ to 4+ and/or presence of more than nine red blood cells/ml in urinalysis. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory variables and diabetes-associated complications were analysed. Results In total, 743 patients were enrolled. Prevalence of haematuria among patients with normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, or macroalbuminuria was 8.7% ( n = 13), 16.1% ( n = 67) and 35.8% ( n = 64), respectively. Urine albumin/creatinine ratio was significantly higher, while macroalbuminuria was more common in patients with haematuria ( n = 144) than in those without ( n = 599). Multiple regression analysis identified urine albumin/creatinine ratio (odds ratio 1.33, P = 0.01) and macroalbuminuria (odds ratio 2.66, P = 0.01) as the only independent predictors of haematuria. Moreover, urine albumin/creatinine ratio was an independent predictor of haematuria in the macroalbuminuria subgroup (odds ratio 1.30, P = 0.04). Conclusions Increased urine albumin/creatinine ratio and macroalbuminuria were the only independent predictors of haematuria in patients with Type 2 diabetes, raising questions on the justifications of excluding haematuria in interpreting urinary albumin excretion in patients with Type 2 diabetes and including haematuria as an indication for renal biopsy in those with macroalbuminuria.
- Subjects
DIABETIC nephropathies; HEMATURIA diagnosis; KIDNEY disease diagnosis; URINE; ALBUMINURIA; METABOLIC syndrome diagnosis; TYPE 2 diabetes complications; ANTHROPOMETRY; BIOMARKERS; BIOPSY; C-reactive protein; CONFIDENCE intervals; DEMOGRAPHY; PEOPLE with diabetes; FECAL occult blood tests; GLOMERULAR filtration rate; GLYCOSYLATED hemoglobin; MEDICAL protocols; PATHOLOGICAL laboratories; U-statistics; LOGISTIC regression analysis; ALBUMINS; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; PHYSIOLOGY; DIAGNOSIS
- Publication
Diabetic Medicine, 2012, Vol 29, Issue 9, p1178
- ISSN
0742-3071
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03608.x