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- Title
Longitudinal increase of humoral responses after four SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and infection in MS patients on fingolimod.
- Authors
van Kempen, Zoé LE; van Dam, Koos PJ; Keijser, Jim BD; Stalman, Eileen W; Kummer, Laura YL; Strijbis, Eva MM; Steenhuis, Maurice; ten Brinke, Anja; van Ham, S. Marieke; Kuijpers, Taco; Rispens, Theo; Eftimov, Filip; Wieske, Luuk; Killestein, Joep
- Abstract
Background: Humoral responses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are greatly impaired in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients on fingolimod. Effects of repeated vaccination and infections on long-term responses are unclear. Methods: Prospective study in 60 MS patients on fingolimod measuring humoral responses after up to four vaccinations and 8 months after fourth vaccination. Results: Anti-WH1 antibody titers increased with each additional vaccination. At long-term follow-up titers increased further and most patients developed new humoral responses against the BA.1 omicron variant. Conclusion: Repeated SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations boost humoral immunity and, probably together with SARS-CoV-2 infections, induce humoral responses on the long-term in almost all patients.
- Subjects
HUMORAL immunity; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant; SARS-CoV-2; VACCINATION; FINGOLIMOD
- Publication
Multiple Sclerosis Journal, 2024, Vol 30, Issue 3, p443
- ISSN
1352-4585
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/13524585231207761