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- Title
Dissecting Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) to Assess Risk Factors for Cholera in Shashemene, Oromia Region, Ethiopia.
- Authors
Hailu, Dejene; Jeon, Yeonji; Gedefaw, Abel; Kim, Jong-Hoon; Mraidi, Ramzi; Getahun, Tomas; Mogeni, Ondari D; Getachew, Edlawit Mesfin; Jang, Geun Hyeog; Mukasa, David; Pak, Gi Deok; Kim, Deok Ryun; Abebe, Samuyel Ayele; Yeshitela, Biruk; Edosa, Moti; Demlie, Yeshambel Worku; Park, Se Eun; Teferi, Mekonnen
- Abstract
Background Cholera outbreaks have afflicted Ethiopia, with nearly 100 000 cases and 1030 deaths reported from 2015 to 2023, emphasizing the critical need to understand water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) risk factors. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional household (HH) survey among 870 HHs in Shashemene Town and Shashemene Woreda, alongside extracting retrospective cholera case data from the Ethiopian Public Health Institute database. Relationships between WaSH and sociodemographic/economic-levels of HHs were examined. WaSH status and cholera attack rates (ARs) were described at kebele-level using geospatial mapping, and their association was statistically analyzed. Results Access to basic drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities was limited, with 67.5% (95% confidence interval, 64.4–70.6), 73.4% (70.3–76.3), and 30.3% (27.3–33.3) of HHs having access, respectively. Better WaSH practices were associated with urban residence (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7, [95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.7]), higher educational levels (2.7 [1.2–5.8]), and wealth (2.5 [1.6–4.0]). The association between cholera ARs and at least basic WaSH status was not statistically significant (multiple R 2 = 0.13; P =.36), although localized effects were suggested for sanitation (Moran I = 0.22; P =.024). Conclusions Addressing gaps in WaSH access and hygiene practices is crucial for reducing cholera risk. Further analyses with meaningful covariates and increased sample sizes are necessary to understand the association between cholera AR and specific WaSH components.
- Subjects
ETHIOPIA; SANITATION; CROSS-sectional method; RESEARCH funding; CHOLERA; SOCIOECONOMIC factors; RESIDENTIAL patterns; HYGIENE; RETROSPECTIVE studies; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; WATER supply; SOCIAL status; ODDS ratio; MEDICAL records; ACQUISITION of data; WATER pollution; METROPOLITAN areas; SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors; CONFIDENCE intervals; EDUCATIONAL attainment; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2024, Vol 78, pS53
- ISSN
1058-4838
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/cid/ciae274