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- Title
Transmitted Drug Resistance to Integrase-Based First-Line Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antiretroviral Regimens in Mediterranean Europe.
- Authors
Salazar, Adolfo de; Viñuela, Laura; Fuentes, Ana; Teyssou, Elisa; Charpentier, Charlotte; Lambert-Niclot, Sidonie; Serrano-Conde, Esther; Pingarilho, Marta; Fabeni, Lavinia; Monte, Anne De; Stefic, Karl; Perno, Carlo Federico; Aguilera, Antonio; Falces, Iker; Delgado, Rafael; Fernandes, Sandra; Diogo, Isabel; Gomes, Perpetua; Paraskevis, Dimitrios; Santoro, Maria-Mercedes
- Abstract
Background We evaluated the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) and nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and of clinically relevant resistance (CRR) in newly diagnosed people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PWH) naive to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Europe. Methods MeditRes is a consortium that includes ART-naive PWH newly diagnosed in France, Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain during 2018–2021. Reverse transcriptase and INSTI sequences were provided by participating centers. To evaluate the prevalence of surveillance drug resistance mutations (SDRM), we used the calibrated population resistance tools from the Stanford HIV website. To evaluate CRR, defined as any resistance level ≥3, we used the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database v.9.1 algorithm. Results We included 2705 PWH, 72% men, median age of 37 years (interquartile range, 30–48); 43.7% were infected by non-B subtypes. The prevalence of INSTI-SDRMs was 0.30% (T66I, T66A, E92Q, E138T, E138K, Y143R, S147G, R263K; all n=1) and the prevalence of NRTI-SDRMs was 5.77% (M184V: 0.85%; M184I: 0.18%; K65R/N: 0.11%; K70E: 0.07%; L74V/I: 0.18%; any thymidine analog mutations: 4.36%). INSTI-CRR was 2.33% (0.15% dolutegravir/bictegravir, 2.29% raltegravir/elvitegravir) and 1.74% to first-line NRTIs (0.89% tenofovir/tenofovir alafenamide, 1.74% abacavir, 1.07% lamivudine/emtricitabine). Conclusions We present the most recent data on TDR to integrase-based first-line regimens in Europe. Given the low prevalence of CRR to second-generation integrase inhibitors and to first-line NRTIs during 2018–2021, it is unlikely that newly diagnosed PWH in MeditRes countries would present with baseline resistance to a first-line regimen based on second-generation integrase inhibitors.
- Subjects
EUROPE; HIV infection epidemiology; HIV infection transmission; HIV infections; DRUG efficacy; RALTEGRAVIR; HIV integrase inhibitors; GENETIC mutation; MICROBIAL genetics; TENOFOVIR; ANTIRETROVIRAL agents; LAMIVUDINE; RESEARCH funding; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; INFECTIOUS disease transmission; DRUG resistance in microorganisms; NUCLEOSIDE reverse transcriptase inhibitors; ABACAVIR; EMTRICITABINE; PHARMACODYNAMICS; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2023, Vol 76, Issue 9, p1628
- ISSN
1058-4838
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/cid/ciac972