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- Title
The effect of solid fuel use on childhood mortality in Nigeria: evidence from the 2013 cross-sectional household survey.
- Authors
Ezeh, Osita Kingsley; Agho, Kingsley Emwinyore; Dibley, Michael John; Hall, John Joseph; Page, Andrew Nicolas
- Abstract
Background In Nigeria, approximately 69% of households use solid fuels as their primary source of domestic energy for cooking. These fuels produce high levels of indoor air pollution. This study aimed to determine whether Nigerian children residing in households using solid fuels at <5 years of age were at higher risk of death. Methods The 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey data were analysed in Cox regression analyses to examine the effects of solid fuel use on deaths of children aged 0-28 days (neonatal), 1-11 months (post-neonatal), and 12-59 months (child). Results The results indicated that approximately 0.8% of neonatal deaths, 42.9% of post-neonatal deaths, and 36.3% of child deaths could be attributed to use of solid fuels. The multivariable analyses found that use of solid fuel was associated with post-neonatal mortality (hazard ratio [HR] =1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.42-2.58) and child mortality (HR = 1.63, CI: 1.09-2.42), but was not associated with neonatal mortality (HR = 1.01, CI: 0.73-1.26). Living in rural areas and poor households were associated with an increased risk of death during the three mortality periods. Conclusion Living in a rural area and poor households were strongly associated with an increased risk of a child > 1 to < 60 months dying due to use of solid fuels. The health effects of household use of solid fuels are a major public health threat that requires increased research and policy development efforts. Research should focus on populations in rural areas and low socioeconomic households so that child survival in Nigeria can be improved.
- Subjects
NIGERIA; EARLY death; AIR pollution; HEALTH &; social status; PUBLIC health; HEALTH surveys
- Publication
Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source, 2014, Vol 13, Issue 1, p262
- ISSN
1476-069X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/1476-069X-13-113