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- Title
Feeding sows milk biofortified with n-6 and n-3 modulates immune status of sows and drives positive transgenerational effects.
- Authors
Reis, Leriana Garcia; de Azevedo Ruiz, Vera Letticie; Massami Kitamura, Simone Maria; Furugen Cesar Andrade, André; de Oliveira Bussiman, Fernando; Daiana Poleti, Mirele; Coelho da Silveira, Juliano; Fukumasu, Heidge; Faccioli, Lúcia Helena; Marzocchi-Machado, Cleni Mara; de Francisco Strefezzi, Ricardo; Neves Garcia, Edna; Casey, Theresa; Netto, Arlindo Saran
- Abstract
The risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammation, obesity, and autoimmune disease is linked to the quality of dietary fats, with lower intake of saturated and higher intake of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) considered beneficial to health. This study investigated the effect of supplementing sows' diets with cow's milk biofortified with n-6 or n-3 PUFA, at varying n-6/n-3 ratios (8.26, 7.92, and 2.72) during their growing phase and throughout gestation and lactation on their reproductive performance and immune-inflammatory status. Specifically, we analyzed circulating cholesterol and fatty acid profiles of serum, colostrum and milk, sow body weight, and neonate colostrum intake, Apgar scores, muscle composition, and embryo viability. Analysis of circulating immunoglobulins (Ig), interleukins, and eicosanoids and complement system hemolytic activity were used to evaluate inflammatory and immune responses of sows and piglets. Expression of lipolysis and lipogenic genes in the liver were investigated in sows and piglets, with additional investigation of hypothalamus genes regulating appetite in sows. Feeding sows milk biofortified with n-6 and n-3 PUFA altered serum fatty acid profiles, reduced triglycerides (TG), increased embryo total number, increased early gestation backfat, and reduced colostrum IgG. Piglets of biofortified sow had higher circulating IgA, IgM and TNF-α, and lower IL-10. Sows fed n-3 biofortified milk had higher very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and TNF-α in circulation. Offspring from sows fed n-6 versus n-3 biofortified milk had lower IL-10 and expression levels of SREBP-1. N-3 versus n-6 also lowered arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in sow's milk and piglet viability 1. Findings offer insights into the potential health benefits of dietary supplementation with biofortified milk in swine, which serve as good model of diet-nutrition studies of humans, and therefore can potentially be considered in dietary recommendations both human and animal populations.
- Subjects
OMEGA-3 fatty acids; DIETARY fats; UNSATURATED fatty acids; LOW density lipoproteins; IMMUNOGLOBULIN analysis; PREGNANCY in animals
- Publication
PLoS ONE, 2024, Vol 19, Issue 8, p1
- ISSN
1932-6203
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.pone.0306707