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- Title
Impact of petroleum hydrocarbon and heavy metal pollution on coral reefs and mangroves: a review.
- Authors
Elumalai, Punniyakotti; Parthipan, Punniyakotti; Gao, Xueke; Cui, Jinjie; Kumar, Arunagiri Santhosh; Dhandapani, Perumal; Rajasekar, Aruliah; Sarma, Hemen; Ganapathy, Nadana Raja Vadivu; Theerthagiri, Jayaraman; Min, Ahreum; Choi, Myong Yong
- Abstract
Pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium is impairing marine ecosystems. Here, we review the effect of these contaminants on coral reefs and mangrove ecosystems, with focus on reef fishes, algae, corals, and oil spills. We also discuss the effects of natural hydrocarbons. Some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons display carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Heavy metals are highly toxic to most marine living organisms, causing reproductive failure, deoxyribonucleic acid damage, and neurological problems. Heavy metals accumulate through the food chain, ending up in humans who eat seafood. Mangroves and coral reefs can be severely impacted with diminished water quality, reduced biodiversity, compromised fish habitats, decreased fish catches, and damaged seagrass beds, ultimately affecting other coastal habitats.
- Subjects
CORAL reef conservation; CORAL reefs &; islands; HEAVY metal toxicology; CORALS; MANGROVE plants; POLYCYCLIC aromatic hydrocarbons; SEAGRASSES; MARINE ecology
- Publication
Environmental Chemistry Letters, 2024, Vol 22, Issue 3, p1413
- ISSN
1610-3653
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10311-024-01728-0