We found a match
Your institution may have rights to this item. Sign in to continue.
- Title
Exploring the effects of formula feeding on infant immune development in China: A prospective cohort study.
- Authors
Xiao-Chen Yin; Li-Jia Xiao; Chuan-Zhu Yi; Zi-Min Li; Zhi Huang; Yue-Chan Zhou; Yu-Ming Hu; Yin, Xiao-Chen; Xiao, Li-Jia; Yi, Chuan-Zhu; Li, Zi-Min; Huang, Zhi; Zhou, Yue-Chan; Hu, Yu-Ming
- Abstract
<bold>Background and Objectives: </bold>The worldwide exclusive breastfeeding rate is suboptimal and this study aims to evaluate effects on infant immune development of formula feeding.<bold>Methods and Study Design: </bold>A prospective study including 221 infants fed with breast milk or formula was conducted. At 3-month and 9-month, the concentrations of total immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgM, IgA, IgG1, IgG2, interleukin (IL)-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Natural killer (NK) cell activity and lymphocyte transformation testing were conducted. Furthermore, the occurrence of infantile diarrhea, respiratory infections and allergic diseases were questioned.<bold>Results: </bold>The levels of total IgG (Z=-3.21, p=0.001), IgG1 (Z=-2.12, p=0.034), IFN-γ (t=-2.09, p=0.039) and NK cell activity (t=-2.14, p=0.034) were significant higher in formula-fed infants compared to breast-fed after 3 months. At 9-month, the levels of total IgG (Z=-4.34, p<0.001), IgA (Z=-2.05, p=0.041) and TNF-α (t=-2.10, p=0.037) of formula-fed infants were higher, but the lymphocyte stimulation index (t=2.76, p=0.007) was lower than breast-fed infants. While, no significant differences were found in the incidences of diarrhea and respiratory tract infection (p>0.05).<bold>Conclusions: </bold>This investigation suggested that formula- and breast-feeding have different contributions to infant immune development, but the formula feeding would not cause significantly increase of diarrhea and respiratory infections.
- Subjects
CHINA; INFANT formulas; INFANT development; BREASTFEEDING; TUMOR necrosis factors; LONGITUDINAL method; COHORT analysis; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M; RESPIRATORY infections; BREAST milk; BABY foods; ALLERGIES
- Publication
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2021, Vol 30, Issue 1, p104
- ISSN
0964-7058
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.6133/apjcn.202103_30(1).0013