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- Title
Normative Values of Isometric Shoulder Strength Among Healthy Adults.
- Authors
Bradley, Helen; Pierpoint, Lauren
- Abstract
Background Normative data is useful for comparing measured values of strength with population norms and can avoid the issues associated with limb symmetry index. The available normative shoulder strength values are limited by constraints on research designs and variability in subject groups which prevents this data being successfully extrapolated to the greater population. Purpose The purpose of this study was to establish normative isometric strength values for various movements of the shoulder that are specific to function and rotator cuff strength. A secondary goal of this study was to analyze the effect of age, gender, weight, height, activity level and arm dominance on shoulder strength. Design Observational cohort study Methods Subjects in four age groups (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59) were included in this study--200 males (40.0 ± 11.6 years, 179.1 ± 6.5 cm, 81 ± 13.0 kg) and 200 females (40.1 ± 11.5 years, 165.3 ± 7.4sm, 64.4 ± 11.6 kg). Bilateral isometric strength measurements were taken with a handheld dynamometer testing seven shoulder movements. Tables of normative strength data were constructed. Multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the effects of age, gender, weight, height and activity level on isometric shoulder strength. Results Men were stronger than women (p<0.001). Age was not associated with most strength measures with the exception of dominant arm abduction (p<0.004), non-dominant arm abduction (p<0.028) and non-dominant arm scapular plane abduction (p<0.004) which had a negative association with strength. Weight was positively associated with strength (p<0.001). Activity level was positively associated with all strength measures (p<0.05) except dominant sided abduction (p=0.056). There were no statistically significant differences between dominant and non-dominant sides. Conclusion This normative data may be useful to the clinician, as it permits a standard against which to compare shoulder strength for various age groups. Clinicians can have confidence that the uninvolved limb, if symptom free, can be used as an adequate benchmark for strength measures. Levels of Evidence Level 3
- Subjects
SHOULDER physiology; REFERENCE values; STATURE; EXERCISE tests; RESEARCH; MUSCLE contraction; BODY weight; CEREBRAL dominance; SCIENTIFIC observation; RANGE of motion of joints; RESEARCH evaluation; CONFIDENCE intervals; AGE distribution; MULTIVARIATE analysis; MULTIPLE regression analysis; MEASUREMENT of angles (Geometry); SEX distribution; PHYSICAL activity; ARM; COMPARATIVE studies; INTER-observer reliability; T-test (Statistics); MUSCLE strength; BODY movement; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ABDUCTION (Kinesiology); ROTATIONAL motion; INTRACLASS correlation; CHI-squared test; STATISTICAL correlation; DATA analysis software; ROTATOR cuff; LONGITUDINAL method
- Publication
International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 2023, Vol 18, Issue 4, p194
- ISSN
2159-2896
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.26603/001c.83938