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- Title
3‐D Ionospheric Imaging Over the South American Region With a New TEC‐Based Ionospheric Data Assimilation System (TIDAS‐SA).
- Authors
Aa, Ercha; Zhang, Shun‐Rong; Erickson, Philip J.; Wang, Wenbin; Coster, Anthea J.; Rideout, William
- Abstract
This study has developed a new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system for 3‐D regional ionospheric imaging over the South American sector (TIDAS‐SA) (45°S–15°N, 35°–85°W, and 100–800 km). The TIDAS‐SA data assimilation system utilizes a hybrid Ensemble‐Variational approach to incorporate a diverse set of ionospheric data sources, including dense ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) line‐of‐sight Total Electron Content (TEC) data, radio occultation data from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate‐2 (COSMIC‐2), and altimeter TEC data from the JASON‐3 satellite. TIDAS‐SA can produce a reanalyzed three‐dimensional (3‐D) electron density spatial variation with a high time cadence, yielding spatial‐temporal resolution of 1° (latitude) × 1° (longitude) × 20 km (altitude) × 5 min. This allows us to reconstruct and study the 3‐D ionospheric morphology with multi‐scale structures. The performance of the data assimilation system is validated against independent ionosonde and in situ measurements through an experiment for a strong geomagnetic storm event on 03–04 November 2021. The results demonstrate that TIDAS‐SA can provide detailed and altitude‐resolved information that accurately characterizes the storm‐time ionospheric disturbances in vertical and horizontal domains over the equatorial and low‐latitude regions of South America. Plain Language Summary: Accurately imaging the 3‐D variation of the ionosphere and monitoring its temporal evolution in key areas of interest has consistently been an essential yet challenging task. This study has developed a novel TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system (TIDAS‐SA) for ionospheric imaging over the South American sector, where the ionosphere exhibits the characteristic equatorial and low latitude anomalies. TIDAS‐SA utilizes a hybrid Ensemble‐Variational approach to assimilate a variety of ground‐based and space‐borne ionospheric measurements, which can yield high‐fidelity electron density distribution with high spatial‐temporal resolution to represent the regional and localized ionospheric morphology within the 3‐D domain. This capability enables TIDAS‐SA as a powerful tool for providing detailed, altitude‐resolved information that contributes to advancing our current understanding of ionospheric disturbances during geomagnetic storms in the equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere over South America. Key Points: A new TEC‐based ionospheric data assimilation system is developed for regional ionospheric imaging over the South American sectorHigh‐resolution ionospheric electron density reconstruction represents characteristic equatorial 3‐D ionospheric morphology and dynamicsThe low‐latitude positive ionospheric storm over South America during the 03–04 November 2021 storm was effectively reconstructed
- Subjects
SOUTH America; THREE-dimensional imaging; IONOSPHERIC electron density; GLOBAL Positioning System; IONOSPHERIC disturbances; IONOSPHERIC techniques; GEOMAGNETISM
- Publication
Space Weather: The International Journal of Research & Applications, 2024, Vol 22, Issue 2, p1
- ISSN
1539-4956
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2023SW003792