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- Title
A Prospective Study of Maternal Exposure to Smoking during Pregnancy and Behavioral Development in the Child.
- Authors
Roigé-Castellví, Joana; Murphy, Michelle M.; Voltas, Núria; Solé-Navais, Pol; Cavallé-Busquets, Pere; Fernández-Ballart, Joan; Ballesteros, Mónica; Canals-Sans, Josefa
- Abstract
Prenatal smoke exposure (PSE) is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in the offspring, including those affecting psychological development. However, it is uncertain whether these associations are the direct result of PSE or other confounding factors. The aim of this study was to examine the possible relationship between PSE and behavioral development in children at 7.5 years of age, considering several prenatal, neonatal and postnatal covariates. A cohort of 266 mother-child pairs was followed from the first trimester of pregnancy until the children reached 7.5 years of age. PSE was assessed using a questionnaire from prenatal clinical records and corroborated by plasma cotinine determinations in the first and second trimesters and in the cord. Mother-child pairs were classified into one of four groups: unexposed, exposed to passive smoking, first trimester active smoking only and active smoking throughout pregnancy. Child behavior was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist for ages 6–18 and the Childhood Autism Spectrum Test. In multiple linear regression models, smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher scores in affective problems (β = 0.298; p = 0.004). No significant associations were found between smoking during pregnancy and externalizing problems. Findings indicate that PSE is negatively associated with behavioral development in childhood. Highlights: How maternal exposure to smoking (passive and active) during pregnancy is associated with behavior in the offspring was investigated in a longitudinal birth cohort with 7.5 years of follow-up. Smoking exposure data was collected from the obstetrical history, questionnaires regarding smoking habits and passive smoking behavior in the previous 5 years completed in interviews with the mother at 20 and 32 gestational weeks, and plasma cotinine concentrations measured during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy and from cord blood. Active smoking during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of development of both, affective problems and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the offspring at 7.5 years of age. Prenatal smoke exposure was not associated with components of externalizing behavior or Autism Spectrum Disorder risk.
- Subjects
PREGNANT women; MATERNAL exposure; PASSIVE smoking; CHILD development; PRENATAL exposure delayed effects; ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder; CHILD Behavior Checklist; WOMEN'S health
- Publication
Journal of Child & Family Studies, 2021, Vol 30, Issue 9, p2204
- ISSN
1062-1024
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10826-021-01978-4