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- Title
Psychopathology, Temperament, and Past Course in Primary Major Depressions. 1. Review of Evidence for a Bipolar Spectrum.
- Authors
Akiskal, H.S.; Cassano, G.B.; Musetti, L.; Perugi, G.; Tundo, A.; Mignani, V.
- Abstract
In reviewing recent findings on affective conditions in the interface of unipolar and bipolar disorders, we find evidence favoring a partial return to Kraepelin's broad concept of manic-depressive illness, which included many recurrent depressives and temperamental variants. This review addresses methodologic, clinical, and familial considerations in the definition and characterization of a proposed spectrum of bipolar disorders which subsumes episodic and chronic forms. Episodic bipolar disorders are subclassified into bipolar schizoaffective, and bipolar I and II, and bipolar III or pseudo-unipolar forms. Chronic bipolar disorders could be either intermittent or persistent, and are subclassified into chronic mania, protracted mixed states, and rapid-cycling forms, as well as the classical temperaments (cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and dysthymic). Copyright © 1989 S. Karger AG, Basel
- Publication
Psychopathology, 1989, Vol 22, Issue 5, p268
- ISSN
0254-4962
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1159/000284607