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- Title
Prediction of COVID-19 Hospitalization and Mortality Using Artificial Intelligence.
- Authors
Halwani, Marwah Ahmed; Halwani, Manal Ahmed
- Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has had a substantial influence on healthcare systems, requiring early prognosis for innovative therapies and optimal results, especially in individuals with comorbidities. AI systems have been used by healthcare practitioners for investigating, anticipating, and predicting diseases, through means including medication development, clinical trial analysis, and pandemic forecasting. This study proposes the use of AI to predict disease severity in terms of hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia. Data were cleaned by encoding categorical variables and replacing missing quantitative values with their mean. The outcome variable, hospital mortality, was labeled as death = 0 or survival = 1, with all baseline investigations, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings used as predictors. Decision trees, SVM, and random forest algorithms were employed. The training process included splitting the data set into training and testing sets, performing 5-fold cross-validation to tune hyperparameters, and evaluating performance on the test set using accuracy. Results: The study assessed the predictive accuracy of outcomes and mortality for COVID-19 patients based on factors such as CRP, LDH, Ferritin, ALP, Bilirubin, D-Dimers, and hospital stay (p-value ≤ 0.05). The analysis revealed that hospital stay, D-Dimers, ALP, Bilirubin, LDH, CRP, and Ferritin significantly influenced hospital mortality (p ≤ 0.0001). The results demonstrated high predictive accuracy, with decision trees achieving 76%, random forest 80%, and support vector machines (SVMs) 82%. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence is a tool crucial for identifying early coronavirus infections and monitoring patient conditions. It improves treatment consistency and decision-making via the development of algorithms.
- Subjects
SAUDI Arabia; CROSS-sectional method; ACADEMIC medical centers; T-test (Statistics); FERRITIN; ARTIFICIAL intelligence; PROBABILITY theory; LOGISTIC regression analysis; HOSPITAL mortality; SEVERITY of illness index; RETROSPECTIVE studies; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; DECISION making in clinical medicine; FIBRIN fibrinogen degradation products; ALKALINE phosphatase; BILIRUBIN; LACTATE dehydrogenase; TREATMENT effectiveness; REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; LONGITUDINAL method; SUPPORT vector machines; MEDICAL records; ACQUISITION of data; DATA analysis software; DECISION trees; LENGTH of stay in hospitals; COVID-19; C-reactive protein; SENSITIVITY &; specificity (Statistics)
- Publication
Healthcare (2227-9032), 2024, Vol 12, Issue 17, p1694
- ISSN
2227-9032
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/healthcare12171694