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- Title
Finely Tuned Polymer Interlayers Enhance Solar Cell Efficiency.
- Authors
Liu, Yao; Page, Zachariah A.; Russell, Thomas P.; Emrick, Todd
- Abstract
Three conjugated polymer zwitterions (CPZs), containing thiophene-, diketopyrrolopyrrole- (DPP), and naphthalene diimide (NDI) backbones, were synthesized with pendant zwitterions, specifically sulfobetaine groups. Diboronate-ester-functionalized bithiophene and benzothiadiazole monomers were copolymerized with zwitterion-substituted dibromothiophene, DPP, and NDI monomers by A2+B2 Suzuki polymerization. The CPZs were incorporated into polymer solar cells (PSCs) as interlayers between the photoactive layer and Ag cathode. The thiophene-based CPZs gave power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of about 5 %, while the narrow-energy-gap DPP- and NDI-based CPZs performed exceptionally well, giving PCEs of 9.49 % and 10.19 %, respectively. The interlayer thickness had only a minor impact on the device performance for the DPP- and NDI-CPZs, a finding attributed to their electron-transport properties. Ultraviolet photoelectron and reflectance spectroscopies, combined with external quantum efficiency measurements, provided structure-property relationships that lend insight into the function of CPZ interlayers in PSCs. NDI-based CPZ interlayers provide some of the best performing organic solar cells reported to date, and prove useful in conjunction with high-performing polymer-active layers and stable, high-work-function, metal cathodes.
- Subjects
PHOTOVOLTAIC cells; PHOTOELECTRIC cells; SOLAR cells; DIRECT energy conversion; ZWITTERIONS
- Publication
Angewandte Chemie, 2015, Vol 127, Issue 39, p11647
- ISSN
0044-8249
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ange.201503933