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- Title
Intra- and interspecific interactions in the Indian urban ecosystem with special reference to street cattle as the pivot.
- Authors
Sahu, Bhupendra Kumar; Pati, Atanu Kumar; Parganiha, Arti
- Abstract
In the urban landscape of developing countries like India, three species, i.e., humans, cattle, and dogs coexist and interact regularly. In the current study, we evaluated the intra- and interspecific interactions with special reference to street cattle in an urban area. We conducted the study at ten different locations in Raipur City and observed different types of possible interactions. We found licking and butting as the most frequent positive and negative intraspecific interactions, respectively among individuals of the street cattle population. The frequency of neutral interaction among the three species is statistically significantly higher than either positive or negative interactions. The positive interaction between cattle and dogs was more than the negative interaction. But, in the case of cattle-human interactions, the negative interaction was greater than the positive interaction. A statistically significant time-of-day variation was noticed in the licking, playing, mounting, pushing, and butting behavior under the intraspecific interaction category in the cattle. The negative interaction of cattle with dog and human, human towards cattle, positive interaction of dog towards cattle, and neutral interactions between cattle-dog and cattle-human also exhibited time-of-day variability. In conclusion, all three species coexist in the urban landscape with a markedly higher frequency of neutral interaction followed by negative interactions among them. For the welfare of all three species minimization of dumping of open garbage is recommended as one of the key strategies to overcome the cattle and dogs menace on the urban streets of India and elsewhere.
- Subjects
RAIPUR (India); INDIA; URBAN ecology; CATTLE; DEVELOPING countries; STREET children
- Publication
Urban Ecosystems, 2023, Vol 26, Issue 6, p1829
- ISSN
1083-8155
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11252-023-01423-y