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- Title
Botulinum Toxin Induces Muscle Paralysis and Inhibits Bone Regeneration in Zebrafish.
- Authors
Recidoro, Anthony M; Roof, Amanda C; Schmitt, Michael; Worton, Leah E; Petrie, Timothy; Strand, Nicholas; Ausk, Brandon J; Srinivasan, Sundar; Moon, Randall T; Gardiner, Edith M; Kaminsky, Werner; Bain, Steven D; Allan, Christopher H; Gross, Ted S; Kwon, Ronald Y
- Abstract
ABSTRACT Intramuscular administration of Botulinum toxin (BTx) has been associated with impaired osteogenesis in diverse conditions of bone formation (eg, development, growth, and healing), yet the mechanisms of neuromuscular-bone crosstalk underlying these deficits have yet to be identified. Motivated by the emerging utility of zebrafish ( Danio rerio) as a rapid, genetically tractable, and optically transparent model for human pathologies (as well as the potential to interrogate neuromuscular-mediated bone disorders in a simple model that bridges in vitro and more complex in vivo model systems), in this study, we developed a model of BTx-induced muscle paralysis in adult zebrafish, and we examined its effects on intramembranous ossification during tail fin regeneration. BTx administration induced rapid muscle paralysis in adult zebrafish in a manner that was dose-dependent, transient, and focal, mirroring the paralytic phenotype observed in animal and human studies. During fin regeneration, BTx impaired continued bone ray outgrowth, morphology, and patterning, indicating defects in early osteogenesis. Further, BTx significantly decreased mineralizing activity and crystalline mineral accumulation, suggesting delayed late-stage osteoblast differentiation and/or altered secondary bone apposition. Bone ray transection proximal to the amputation site focally inhibited bone outgrowth in the affected ray, implicating intra- and/or inter-ray nerves in this process. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the potential to interrogate pathological features of BTx-induced osteoanabolic dysfunction in the regenerating zebrafish fin, define the technological toolbox for detecting bone growth and mineralization deficits in this process, and suggest that pathways mediating neuromuscular regulation of osteogenesis may be conserved beyond established mammalian models of bone anabolic disorders. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
- Subjects
BOTULINUM toxin; ZEBRA danio; PARALYSIS; BONE regeneration; BONE diseases; BONE growth; BIOMINERALIZATION
- Publication
Journal of Bone & Mineral Research, 2014, Vol 29, Issue 11, p2346
- ISSN
0884-0431
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/jbmr.2274