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- Title
Repair of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in COVID-19 by Stromal Cells (REALIST-COVID Trial) A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial.
- Authors
Gorman, Ellen A.; Rynne, Jennifer; Gardiner, Hannah J.; Rostron, Anthony J.; Bannard-Smith, Jonathan; Bentley, Andrew M.; Brealey, David; Campbell, Christina; Curley, Gerard; Clarke, Mike; Dushianthan, Ahilanadan; Hopkins, Phillip; Jackson, Colette; Kefela, Kallirroi; Krasnodembskaya, Anna; Laffey, John G.; McDowell, Cliona; McFarland, Margaret; McFerran, Jamie; McGuigan, Peter
- Abstract
Rationale: Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) may modulate inflammation, promoting repair in coronavirus disease (COVID-19)–related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Objectives: We investigated the safety and efficacy of ORBCEL-C (CD362 [cluster of differentiation 362]–enriched, umbilical cord–derived MSCs) in COVID-19–related ARDS. Methods: In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, allocation-concealed, placebo-controlled trial (NCT 03042143), patients with moderate to severe COVID-19–related ARDS were randomized to receive ORBCEL-C (400 million cells) or placebo (Plasma-Lyte 148). The primary safety and efficacy outcomes were the incidence of serious adverse events and oxygenation index at Day 7, respectively. Secondary outcomes included respiratory compliance, driving pressure, PaO2:FiO2 ratio, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. Clinical outcomes relating to duration of ventilation, lengths of ICU and hospital stays, and mortality were collected. Long-term follow-up included diagnosis of interstitial lung disease at 1 year and significant medical events and mortality at 2 years. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on whole blood at Days 0, 4, and 7. Measurements and Main Results: Sixty participants were recruited (final analysis: n = 30 received ORBCEL-C, n = 29 received placebo; 1 participant in the placebo group withdrew consent). Six serious adverse events occurred in the ORBCEL-C group and three in the placebo group (risk ratio, 2.9 [95% confidence interval, 0.6–13.2]; P = 0.25). Day 7 mean (SD) oxygenation index did not differ (ORBCEL-C, 98.3 [57.2] cm H2O/kPa; placebo, 96.6 [67.3] cm H2O/kPa). There were no differences in secondary surrogate outcomes or in mortality at Day 28, Day 90, 1 year, or 2 years. There was no difference in the prevalence of interstitial lung disease at 1 year or significant medical events up to 2 years. ORBCEL-C modulated the peripheral blood transcriptome. Conclusion: ORBCEL-C MSCs were safe in subjects with moderate to severe COVID-19–related ARDS but did not improve surrogates of pulmonary organ dysfunction.
- Publication
American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 2023, Vol 208, Issue 3, p256
- ISSN
1073-449X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1164/rccm.202302-0297OC