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- Title
Lactose and Galactose Promote the Crystallization of Human Galectin-10.
- Authors
Fu, Yu-Fan; Jiang, Si-Cong; Zhang, Zhong-Wei; Yang, Xin-Yue; Li, Zi-Lin; Hu, Jing; Yuan, Shu
- Abstract
Galectin-10 (Gal-10) forms Charcot–Leyden crystals (CLCs), which play a key role in the symptoms of asthma and allergies and some other diseases. Gal-10 has a carbohydrate-binding site; however, neither the Gal-10 dimer nor the CLCs can bind sugars. To investigate the monomer–dimer equilibrium of Gal-10, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) was employed to separate serial dilutions of Gal-10 with and without carbohydrates. We found that both the dimerization and crystallization of Gal-10 were promoted by lactose/galactose binding. A peak position shift for the monomer was observed after treatment with either lactose or galactose, implying that the polarity of the monomer was reduced by lactose/galactose binding. Further experiments indicated that alkaline conditions of pH 8.8 mimicked the lactose/galactose-binding environment, and the time interval between monomers and dimers in the chromatogram decreased from 0.8 min to 0.4 min. Subsequently, the electrostatic potential of the Gal-10 monomers was computed. After lactose/galactose binding, the top side of the monomer shifted from negatively charged to electrically neutral, allowing it to interact with the carbohydrate-binding site of the opposing subunit during dimerization. Since lactose/galactose promotes the crystallization of Gal-10, our findings implied that dairy-free diets (free of lactose/galactose) might be beneficial to patients with CLC-related diseases.
- Subjects
LACTOSE; GALACTOSE; ELECTRIC potential; CRYSTALLIZATION; MONOMERS; DIMERIZATION
- Publication
Molecules, 2023, Vol 28, Issue 4, p1979
- ISSN
1420-3049
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/molecules28041979