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- Title
AZD1222/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination induces a polyfunctional spike protein–specific T<sub>H</sub>1 response with a diverse TCR repertoire.
- Authors
Swanson II, Phillip A.; Padilla, Marcelino; Hoyland, Wesley; McGlinchey, Kelly; Fields, Paul A.; Bibi, Sagida; Faust, Saul N.; McDermott, Adrian B.; Lambe, Teresa; Pollard, Andrew J.; Durham, Nicholas M.; Kelly, Elizabeth J.
- Abstract
Interrogating T cells: The goal of the majority of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines is to induce antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. However, vaccines that can elicit T cell responses will provide another layer of protection against severe disease. Here, Swanson et al. evaluated T cell responses elicited by the AZD1222/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. The authors observed that individuals receiving two doses of the vaccine had polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses specific to the vaccine-encoded spike protein. Furthermore, CD4+ T cell responses were primarily skewed toward TH1 cells. Together, these data show that the AZD1222/ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine elicits antiviral T cell responses in addition to neutralizing antibodies. AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19), a replication-deficient simian adenovirus–vectored vaccine, has demonstrated safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity against coronavirus disease 2019 in clinical trials and real-world studies. We characterized CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses induced by AZD1222 vaccination in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 296 unique vaccine recipients aged 18 to 85 years who enrolled in the phase 2/3 COV002 trial. Total spike protein–specific CD4+ T cell helper type 1 (TH1) and CD8+ T cell responses were increased in AZD1222-vaccinated adults of all ages after two doses of AZD1222. CD4+ TH2 responses after AZD1222 vaccination were not detected. Furthermore, AZD1222-specific TH1 and CD8+ T cells both displayed a high degree of polyfunctionality in all adult age groups. T cell receptor β (TCRβ) sequences from vaccinated participants mapped against TCR sequences known to react to SARS-CoV-2 revealed substantial breadth and depth across the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein for both AZD1222-induced CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses. Overall, AZD1222 vaccination induced a polyfunctional TH1-dominated T cell response, with broad CD4+ and CD8+ T cell coverage across the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.
- Publication
Science Translational Medicine, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 620, p1
- ISSN
1946-6234
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7211