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- Title
Atomic Layer Deposition of Highly Transparent Platinum Counter Electrodes for Metal/Polymer Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.
- Authors
Garcia‐Alonso, Diana; Zardetto, Valerio; Mackus, Adriaan J. M.; De Rossi, Francesca; Verheijen, Marcel A.; Brown, Thomas M.; Kessels, Wilhelmus M. M.; Creatore, Mariadriana
- Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is used to deposit Pt nanoparticles at low temperature (25-150 °C) to fabricate highly transparent counter electrodes (CEs) for flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are deposited for different number of ALD cycles on indium tin oxide (ITO)/polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to assess the Pt NP loading, density, and size. There is a trade-off between transparency and catalytic activity of the CE, and the best cell performances of back-side-illuminated DSCs (≈3.7% efficiency) are achieved for Pt ALD at temperatures in the range of 100-150 °C, even though deposition at 25 °C is also viable. The best cell produced with ALD platinized CE (100 cycles at 100 °C) outperforms the reference cells fabricated with electrodeposited and sputtered Pt CEs, with relative improvements in efficiency of 19% and 29%, respectively. In addition, these parameters are used to fabricate a large area CE for a sub-module (active area of 17.6 cm2), resulting in an efficiency of 3.1%, which demonstrates the scalability of the process.
- Subjects
ATOMIC layer deposition; ELECTRODES; MAGNETIC properties of nanoparticles; ELECTRON microscopy; PHOTOVOLTAIC cells
- Publication
Advanced Energy Materials, 2014, Vol 4, Issue 4, pn/a
- ISSN
1614-6832
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/aenm.201300831