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- Title
Allergens in red ginseng extract induce the release of mediators associated with anaphylactoid reactions.
- Authors
Lu Wang; Yazheng Zhao; Ye Yang; Yuanjia Hu; Xiaohan Zou; Boyang Yu; Jin Qi; Wang, Lu; Zhao, Yazheng; Yang, Ye; Hu, Yuanjia; Zou, Xiaohan; Yu, Boyang; Qi, Jin
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Anaphylactoid reactions induced by preparations containing red ginseng have been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the allergenicity and screen potential allergens in red ginseng extract thoroughly.<bold>Methods: </bold>Red ginseng extract (RGE) and different fractions of RGE were prepared and evaluated by measuring the degranulation and viability of rat basophilic leukemia 2H3 (RBL-2H3) cells. Potential allergens were screened by RBL-2H3 cell extraction and allergenicity verified in RBL-2H3 cells, mouse peritoneal mast cells, Laboratory of Allergic Disease 2 (LAD2) human mast cells and mice, respectively.<bold>Results: </bold>80% ethanol extract of red ginseng extract induced mast cell degranulation with less cytotoxicity, but 40% ethanol extract could not. Ginsenoside Rd and 20(S)-Rg3 could induce a significant increase in β-hexosaminidase release, histamine release and translocation of phosphatidylserine in RBL-2H3 cells. Ginsenoside Rd and 20(S)-Rg3 also increased β-hexosaminidase release and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in mouse peritoneal mast cells and LAD2 cells. In addition, histamine levels in serum of mice were elevated dose-dependently.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Ginsenoside Rd and 20(S)-Rg3 are potential allergens that induce the release of mediators associated with anaphylactoid reactions. Our study could guide optimization of methods associated with Rd/20(S)-Rg3-containing preparations and establishment of quality standards for safe application of Traditional Chinese Medicines.
- Subjects
DIETARY supplements; GINSENG; ALLERGENS; FIRST-use syndrome; LEUKEMIA; ANAPHYLAXIS; ANIMAL experimentation; CELL death; CELL physiology; GLYCOSIDASES; GLYCOSIDES; HIGH performance liquid chromatography; IMMUNITY; MASS spectrometry; MAST cells; MICE; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; RATS; PLANT extracts
- Publication
Journal of Translational Medicine, 2017, Vol 15, p1
- ISSN
1479-5876
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12967-017-1249-x