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- Title
Association of Severe Hydrocephalus With Congenital Zika Syndrome.
- Authors
van der Linden, Vanessa; de Lima Petribu, Natacha Calheiros; Pessoa, Andre; Faquini, Igor; Paciorkowski, Alex R.; van der Linden, Hélio; Silveira-Moriyama, Laura; Cordeiro, Marli Tenório; Hazin, Adriano Nassri; Barkovich, A. James; Raybaud, Charles; de Brito Abath, Marilia; Ribeiro, Erlane; Barros Jucá, Carlos Eduardo; Aragão, Maria de Fátima Viana Vasco; Coelho Travassos, Patrícia Teresa; Jungmann, Patrícia
- Abstract
Key Points: Question: Can hydrocephalus be part of the clinical spectrum of congenital Zika syndrome? Findings: This case series describes 24 patients who developed hydrocephalus between 3 and 18 months of age and had at least 1 test positive for anti-Zika antibodies, including 14 who had symptoms and signs suggestive of hydrocephalus, 18 who had cerebellar or brainstem hypoplasia at baseline, and 2 who had no such symptoms but were found to have reduced brain volume on repeated imaging; at a second computed tomographic scan, all showed marked increases of ventricular volume and reduction of brain tissue. Meaning: Hydrocephalus may be a complication of congenital Zika syndrome with presenting signs and symptoms that are challenging to recognize; monitoring for it, including assessing the potential harbinger of cerebellar or brainstem hypoplasia, should be part of the standard care of patients with this condition. This case series describes clinical and imaging findings in 24 infants born with congenital Zika syndrome who developed hydrocephalus. Importance: Hydrocephalus is a treatable but potentially fatal complication that has not been previously described in congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Objective: To describe the clinical features and imaging findings in 24 patients with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) who developed hydrocephalus. Design, Setting, and Participants: This case series included patients with hydrocephalus who were born in October and November 2015 and followed up until mid-2017 in the 2 largest national referral centers for CZS in Brazil. The participants included consecutively enrolled children with a clinical and laboratorial diagnosis of CZS who developed clinical and/or image findings suggestive of hydrocephalus and who were confirmed to experience increased intracranial hypertension during ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedures. Main Outcomes and Measures: To retrospectively describe clinical and image findings in these 24 patients. Results: This multicenter cohort included 308 patients with CZS; 24 consecutive children were enrolled in this study. These children were aged between 3 to 18 months, and 13 of 24 (54%) were female. All patients presented with at least 1 positive test result for anti-Zika antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid or serum and had classic signs of CZS. At the time of hydrocephalus diagnosis, only 14 of 24 patients (58%) had symptoms and signs suggestive of hydrocephalus (mainly worsening seizures, vomiting, irritability, and/or sudden increase of head circumference percentile). Two of 24 patients (8%) had no symptoms suggestive of hydrocephalus but were found to have reduced brain volume on repeated imaging. Cerebellar or brainstem hypoplasia on baseline imaging were found in 18 of 23 patients (78%). At the second computed tomographic scan, all patients showed a marked increase of ventricular volume, compatible with communicating hydrocephalus, and reduction of brain tissue that was visibly worse than on baseline imaging for the 23 patients with repeated scans. Conclusions and Relevance: We present evidence that hydrocephalus is a complication of CZS in at least a proportion of patients. The clinical spectrum of this condition continues to evolve, but given that presenting signs and symptoms of hydrocephalus can be challenging to recognize in CZS, we provisionally recommend that high suspicion and appropriate monitoring for hydrocephalus should be part of the standard care of patients with CZS.
- Publication
JAMA Neurology, 2019, Vol 72, Issue 6, p203
- ISSN
2168-6149
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.3553