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- Title
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum utilizes host-derived copper for ROS detoxification and infection.
- Authors
Ding, Yijuan; Mei, Jiaqin; Chai, Yaru; Yang, Wenjing; Mao, Yi; Yan, Baoqin; Yu, Yang; Disi, Joseph Onwusemu; Rana, Kusum; Li, Jiana; Qian, Wei
- Abstract
Necrotrophic plant pathogen induces host reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which leads to necrosis in the host, allowing the pathogen to absorb nutrients from the dead tissues. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a typical necrotrophic pathogen that causes Sclerotinia stem rot in more than 400 species, resulting in serious economic losses. Here, we found that three S. sclerotiorum genes involved in copper ion import/transport, SsCTR1, SsCCS and SsATX1, were significantly up-regulated during infection of Brassica oleracea. Function analysis revealed that these genes involved in fungal ROS detoxification and virulence. On the host side, four genes putatively involved in copper ion homeostasis, BolCCS, BolCCH, BolMT2A and BolDRT112, were significantly down-regulated in susceptible B. oleracea, but stably expressed in resistant B. oleracea during infection. Their homologs were found to promote resistance to S. sclerotiorum and increase antioxidant activity in Arabidopsis thaliana. Furthermore, copper concentration analysis indicated that copper flow from healthy area into the necrotic area during infection. A model was proposed that S. sclerotiorum utilizes host copper to detoxify ROS in its cells, whereas the resistant hosts may restrict the supply of essential copper nutrients to S. sclerotiorum by maintaining copper ion homeostasis during infection. Author summary: Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a devastating necrotrophic fungal pathogen and has a substantial economic impact on crop production worldwide. S. sclerotiorum successfully infect the host plants by promote ROS production in host and induce plant necrosis. This raises an interesting question of how this pathogen survive from high level of host-derived ROS. Copper is an essential nutrient for microbial pathogens and serves as an important cofactor for enzymes of scavenging ROS. In our previous study, we simultaneously analyzed the transcriptome changes of Brassica oleracea and S. sclerotiorum during inoculation. The results in present study show that S. sclerotiorum induces the genes involved in 'copper ion import' and 'copper ion transport' during infection to promote the ROS detoxification and fungal virulence. While, the resistance host maintains the genes involved in 'copper ion homeostasis', which promote the resistance to S. sclerotiorum and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, copper concentration is higher in the necrotic area than the margin and healthy area, which may indicate that copper flow from healthy area into the necrotic area during infection. In summary, our results highlight a more subtle and complex role of copper during the interaction of S. sclerotiorum and its host plants.
- Subjects
SCLEROTINIA sclerotiorum; REACTIVE oxygen species; COLE crops; COPPER ions; COPPER; PHYTOPATHOGENIC microorganisms
- Publication
PLoS Pathogens, 2020, Vol 16, Issue 10, p1
- ISSN
1553-7366
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1371/journal.ppat.1008919