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- Title
Chloroaluminum phthalocyanine thin films: chemical reaction and molecular orientation.
- Authors
Latteyer, Florian; Peisert, Heiko; Uihlein, Johannes; Basova, Tamara; Nagel, Peter; Merz, Michael; Schuppler, Stefan; Chassé, Thomas
- Abstract
The chemical transformation of the polar chloroaluminum phthalocyanine, AlClPc, to μ-(oxo)bis(phthalocyaninato)aluminum(III), (PcAl)O, in thin films on indium tin oxide is studied and its influence on the molecular orientation is discussed. The studies were conducted using complementary spectroscopic techniques: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. In addition, density functional theory calculations were performed in order to identify specific vibrations and to monitor the product formation. The thin films of AlClPc were annealed in controlled environmental conditions to obtain (PcAl)O. It is shown that the chemical transformation in the thin films can proceed only in the presence of water. The influence of the reaction and the annealing on the molecular orientation was studied with Raman spectroscopy and NEXAFS spectroscopy in total electron yield and partial electron yield modes. The comparison of the results obtained from these techniques allows the determination of the molecular orientation of the film as a function of the probing depth. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Subjects
PHTHALOCYANINES; THIN film research; RAMAN spectroscopy; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; X-ray absorption near edge structure; MOLECULAR orientation; DENSITY functional theory
- Publication
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2013, Vol 405, Issue 14, p4895
- ISSN
1618-2642
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00216-013-6847-8