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- Title
Eicosapentaenoic acid free fatty acid prevents and suppresses colonic neoplasia in colitis-associated colorectal cancer acting on Notch signaling and gut microbiota.
- Authors
Piazzi, Giulia; D'Argenio, Giuseppe; Prossomariti, Anna; Lembo, Vincenzo; Mazzone, Giovanna; Candela, Marco; Biagi, Elena; Brigidi, Patrizia; Vitaglione, Paola; Fogliano, Vincenzo; D'Angelo, Leonarda; Fazio, Chiara; Munarini, Alessandra; Belluzzi, Andrea; Ceccarelli, Claudio; Chieco, Pasquale; Balbi, Tiziana; Loadman, Paul M.; Hull, Mark A.; Romano, Marco
- Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with increased risk of developing colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC). Epidemiological data show that the consumption of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) decreases the risk of sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). Importantly, recent data have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid-free fatty acid (EPA-FFA) reduces polyp formation and growth in models of familial adenomatous polyposis. However, the effects of dietary EPA-FFA are unknown in CAC. We tested the effectiveness of substituting EPA-FFA, for other dietary fats, in preventing inflammation and cancer in the AOM-DSS model of CAC. The AOM-DSS protocols were designed to evaluate the effect of EPA-FFA on both initiation and promotion of carcinogenesis. We found that EPA-FFA diet strongly decreased tumor multiplicity, incidence and maximum tumor size in the promotion and initiation arms. Moreover EPA-FFA, in particular in the initiation arm, led to reduced cell proliferation and nuclear β-catenin expression, whilst it increased apoptosis. In both arms, EPA-FFA treatment led to increased membrane switch from ω-6 to ω-3 PUFAs and a concomitant reduction in PGE2 production. We observed no significant changes in intestinal inflammation between EPA-FFA treated arms and AOM-DSS controls. Importantly, we found that EPA-FFA treatment restored the loss of Notch signaling found in the AOM-DSS control and resulted in the enrichment of Lactobacillus species in the gut microbiota. Taken together, our data suggest that EPA-FFA is an excellent candidate for CRC chemoprevention in CAC.
- Publication
International Journal of Cancer, 2014, Vol 135, Issue 9, p2004
- ISSN
0020-7136
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1002/ijc.28853