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- Title
Combined Effect of Blood Cadmium and Lead Levels on Coronary Heart Disease Prediction Risk in Korean Men.
- Authors
Cho, Hye-Min; Cho, Doo-Yeoun; Kim, Min-Young; Yang, Sung-Won; Seo, Young-Seok; Kim, Kyu-Nam
- Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the combined effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk calculated using the Framingham risk score. The heavy metal data set of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV and V (2008-2010) was analyzed. The 10-year CHD risk was significantly associated with the log-transformed blood Cd and Pb levels in Korean men. For the highest quartile of Cd and Pb, the odds ratio (OR) of the intermediate risk and beyond for CHD (10-year risk ≥10%) compared to the lowest quartile was 6.870 (Cd, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.58-10.30) and 3.127 (Pb, 95% CI: 2.09-4.69) after adjusting for confounders, respectively. The adjusted OR of the intermediate risk and beyond for CHD (10-year risk ≥10%) in the fourth quartile of both Cd and Pb was 12.2 (95% CI: 8.0-18.5) compared to the reference group (first and second quartiles of Cd and Pb). However, the association between log-transformed blood Cd and Pb and the 10-year CHD risk was not significant in Korean women.
- Subjects
SOUTH Korea; CORONARY heart disease risk factors; CADMIUM; CONFIDENCE intervals; KOREANS; LEAD; PROBABILITY theory; SEX distribution; STATISTICS; DATA analysis; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio
- Publication
Angiology, 2016, Vol 67, Issue 6, p582
- ISSN
0003-3197
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/0003319715605954