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- Title
MIRO: Microwave Instrument for Rosetta Orbiter.
- Authors
Gulkis, S.; Frerking, M.; Crovisier, J.; Beaudin, G.; Hartogh, P.; Encrenaz, P.; Koch, T.; Kahn, C.; Salinas, Y.; Nowicki, R.; Irigoyen, R.; Janssen, M.; Stek, P.; Hofstadter, M.; Allen, M.; Backus, C.; Kamp, L.; Jarchow, C.; Steinmetz, E.; Deschamps, A.
- Abstract
The European Space Agency Rosetta Spacecraft, launched on March 2, 2004 toward Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, carries a relatively small and lightweight millimeter-submillimeter spectrometer instrument, the first of its kind launched into deep space. The instrument will be used to study the evolution of outgassing water and other molecules from the target comet as a function of heliocentric distance. During flybys of the asteroids (2867) Steins and (21) Lutetia in 2008 and 2010 respectively, the instrument will measure thermal emission and search for water vapor in the vicinity of these asteroids. The instrument, named MIRO (Microwave Instrument for the Rosetta Orbiter), consists of a 30-cm diameter, offset parabolic reflector telescope followed by two heterodyne receivers. Center-band operating frequencies of the receivers are near 190 GHz (1.6 mm) and 562 GHz (0.5 mm). Broadband continuum channels are implemented in both frequency bands for the measurement of near surface temperatures and temperature gradients in Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and the asteroids (2867) Steins and (21) Lutetia. A 4096 channel CTS (Chirp Transform Spectrometer) spectrometer having 180 MHz total bandwidth and 44 kHz resolution is, in addition to the continuum channel, connected to the submillimeter receiver. The submillimeter radiometer/spectrometer is fixed tuned to measure four volatile species – CO, CH3OH, NH3 and three, oxygen-related isotopologues of water, H216O, H217O and H218O. The basic quantities measured with the MIRO instrument are surface temperature, gas production rates and relative abundances, and velocity and excitation temperature of each species, along with their spatial and temporal variability. This paper provides a short discussion of the scientific objectives of the investigation, and a detailed discussion of the MIRO instrument system.
- Subjects
SPECTROMETERS; SPECTRUM analysis instruments; EUROPEAN Space Agency; SPACE probes; SPACE vehicles; COMETS; HELIOCENTRIC model (Astronomy)
- Publication
Space Science Reviews, 2006, Vol 128, Issue 1-4, p561
- ISSN
0038-6308
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11214-006-9032-y