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- Title
The Skin–Brain Axis: From UV and Pigmentation to Behaviour Modulation.
- Authors
Ascsillán, Anna A.; Kemény, Lajos V.
- Abstract
The skin–brain axis has been suggested to play a role in several pathophysiological conditions, including opioid addiction, Parkinson's disease and many others. Recent evidence suggests that pathways regulating skin pigmentation may directly and indirectly regulate behaviour. Conversely, CNS-driven neural and hormonal responses have been demonstrated to regulate pigmentation, e.g., under stress. Additionally, due to the shared neuroectodermal origins of the melanocytes and neurons in the CNS, certain CNS diseases may be linked to pigmentation-related changes due to common regulators, e.g., MC1R variations. Furthermore, the HPA analogue of the skin connects skin pigmentation to the endocrine system, thereby allowing the skin to index possible hormonal abnormalities visibly. In this review, insight is provided into skin pigment production and neuromelanin synthesis in the brain and recent findings are summarised on how signalling pathways in the skin, with a particular focus on pigmentation, are interconnected with the central nervous system. Thus, this review may supply a better understanding of the mechanism of several skin–brain associations in health and disease.
- Subjects
PARKINSON'S disease; ENDOCRINE system; CENTRAL nervous system; MELANOGENESIS; HUMAN skin color; OPIOID abuse; CELLULAR signal transduction
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 11, p6199
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms25116199