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- Title
African American Golf Clubs in the Early Development of Black Golf.
- Authors
DAWKINS, MARVIN P.; BRADDOCK, JOMILLS H.; GILBERT, SHELBY
- Abstract
The presence of African Americans competing at the professional level in golf has lagged far behind other popular sports. However, in its early development, black golf was boosted by clubs established among the black elite who emulated affluent whites. Unlike their white counterparts, golf clubs organized by African Americans in the early twentieth century assumed the role of promoting the development of golf across all social classes and confronting racism in the sport. Despite laying a foundation for the future development of black golf the decline o f African American golf clubs during the civil rights era, along with ongoing systemic racial barriers, may account for the slow pace in the development of African Americans in golf at the professional level.
- Subjects
UNITED States; GOLF clubs (Associations); RACISM; SOCIAL classes; AFRICAN American golfers; GOLF tournaments
- Publication
Western Journal of Black Studies, 2018, Vol 42, Issue 1/2, p71
- ISSN
0197-4327
- Publication type
Article