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- Title
Stevioside reduces inflammation in periodontitis by changing the oral bacterial composition and inhibiting P. gingivalis in mice.
- Authors
Han, Wenrui; Jiao, Yao; Mi, Sicong; Han, Shu; Xu, Junji; Li, Song; Liu, Yi; Guo, Lijia
- Abstract
Background: Excessive sugar intake has become a major challenge in modern societies. Stevioside is a promising non-calorie sweetener with anti-inflammatory effects; however, its effects on the oral environment and periodontitis remain unclear. Therefore, this study explores the effect of stevioside on periodontitis in mice. Methods: Mice were divided into four groups, namely, control, treated with water, and periodontitis models, established using 5 − 0 silk sutures ligation around the second molar then infected the oral cavity with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) viscous suspension, divided into three groups treated with 0.1% stevioside (P + S), 10% glucose (P + G), or water (P). Micro-CT scanning was used to assess alveolar bone resorption, while RT-PCR was used to evaluate the inflammatory factors expression and P. gingivalis invasion in the gingiva. The composition of the oral bacteria was analysed using 16 S rRNA sequence in the saliva. In addition, P. gingivalis was co-cultured with stevioside at different concentrations in vitro, and bacterial activity was detected via optical density values and live/dead staining. The virulence was detected using RT-PCR, while biofilm formation was detected using scanning electron microscopy. Results: Compared with 10% glucose, treatment with 0.1% stevioside reduced alveolar bone absorption and osteoclasts while decreasing IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, and P. gingivalis in the gingiva of periodontitis mice. The CEJ-ABC distance in the P + S group was significantly lower than that in the P and P + G groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, the composition of the oral bacteria in the P + S group was similar to that of the control. In vitro stevioside treatment also reduced the bacterial activity and toxicity of P. gingivalis in a dose-dependent manner and affected its biofilm composition. Conclusion: Our results indicate that, compared with 10% glucose, 0.1% stevioside intake can reduce alveolar bone resorption and inflammation in periodontal tissues in mice; the bacterial composition following 0.1% stevioside intake was similar to that of a healthy environment. In vitro, high concentrations of stevioside reduced P. gingivalis activity, biofilm formation, and virulence expression. Therefore, stevioside is a potential alternative to glucose for patients with periodontitis.
- Subjects
ORAL microbiology; SALIVA analysis; IN vitro studies; REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; INTERLEUKINS; SEQUENCE analysis; STAINS &; staining (Microscopy); OSTEOCLASTS; PERIODONTITIS; INFLAMMATION; ANTI-inflammatory agents; ANIMAL experimentation; BONE resorption; SCANNING electron microscopy; GRAM-negative anaerobic bacteria; RNA; BIOFILMS; SWEETENERS; TUMOR necrosis factors; RESEARCH funding; PLANT extracts; COMPUTED tomography; MICROBIAL virulence; MICE; PHARMACODYNAMICS
- Publication
BMC Oral Health, 2023, Vol 23, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1472-6831
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s12903-023-03229-y