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- Title
Sex-specific effects of ACE I/D and AGT-M235T on pulse pressure: the HyperGEN Study.
- Authors
Lynch, Amy I.; Arnett, Donna K.; Pankow, James S.; Miller, Michael B.; North, Kari E.; Eckfeldt, John H.; Hunt, Steven C.; Rao, Dabeeru C.; Djoussé, Luc
- Abstract
Evidence shows that an elevated pulse pressure (PP) may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. There is also evidence that PP is a sexually dimorphic trait, and that genetic factors influence inter-individual variation in PP. The aim of this project was to assess the genotype-by-sex interaction on PP in a sample of mostly hypertensive African American and White participants using candidate genes involved in the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system. Subjects were participants in the HyperGEN Study, including men (43%) and women (57%) over the age of 55 years (mean age = 65). Candidate gene polymorphisms used were ACE insertion/deletion (1,789 subjects genotyped) and AGT-M235T (1,800 subjects genotyped). We employed linear regression methods to assess the genotype-by-sex interaction. For ACE, genotype-by-sex interaction on PP was detected ( P = 0.04): the “D/D” genotype predicted a 2.2 mmHg higher pulse pressure among women, but a 1.2 mmHg lower PP among men, compared to those with an “I” allele, after adjusting for age, weight, height, ethnicity, and antihypertension medication use. A similar interaction was found for systolic blood pressure. The genotype-by-sex interaction was consistent across ethnicity. The interaction was evident among those on antihypertensive medications ( P = 0.05), but not among those not taking such medications ( P = 0.55). In our analysis of AGT, no evidence of a genotype-by-sex interaction affecting PP, SBP, or DBP was detected. This evidence for a genotype-by-sex interaction helps our understanding of the complex genetic underpinnings of blood pressure phenotypes.
- Subjects
PULSE (Heart beat); PRESSURE; GENOTYPE-environment interaction; AFRICAN Americans; RENIN-angiotensin system; GENETIC polymorphisms
- Publication
Human Genetics, 2007, Vol 122, Issue 1, p33
- ISSN
0340-6717
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00439-007-0370-y