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- Title
Genetic Diversity and History of Pedunculate Oak Quercus robur L. in the East of the Range.
- Authors
Semerikova, S. A.; Tashev, A. N.; Semerikov, V. L.
- Abstract
Genetic diversity was studied in 41 populations (755 trees) of pedunculate oak Quercus robur in North Eastern Europe, the Balkans, the Crimea, and the Caucasus using 14 nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSR). To estimate the contribution of sessile oak Q. petraea to the genetic pool of Q. robur, six populations (109 trees) of Q. petraea were added to the analysis. Comparison was made with the previously obtained chloroplast DNA data. A low level of nuclear DNA introgression of Q. petraea in Q. robur was revealed. No significant influence of Q. petraea on the geographic structure of Q. robur diversity was found. High differentiation in nuclear markers between populations of Q. robur from different geographical regions and within the Caucasus was obtained. According to the results of the Bayesian clustering implemented with STRUCTURE program, the largest difference in Q. robur was observed between Caucasian populations and the populations of North Eastern Europe. This subdivision is quite consistent with the deep differences in chloroplast DNA between these regions, where no common or closely related chloroplast haplotypes have been found, and indicates an ancient age of the isolation of the Caucasus, estimated from microsatellite data using the ABC method as 3500 generations (~350 ka ago, Middle Pleistocene). In the north of Eastern Europe, according to STRUCTURE results, a weak trend from east to west was observed, in contrast to the chloroplast DNA data indicating a sharp difference between the populations of the east of the Russian Plain and Urals from the more western ones due to the absence of common haplotypes. The populations of the southeastern Balkans differed from the populations of North Eastern Europe, and the ABC estimate of divergence time (910 generations) significantly exceeded the age of the Last Glacial Maximum, which rejected the participation of southeastern region of the Balkans in the recolonization of Eastern Europe after the last glaciation. In the Caucasus, the structure of nuclear DNA generally corresponded to the phylogeography of chloroplast DNA and to the morphological data. Deep differentiation was found in nuclear DNA between western and eastern Caucasian populations, with an estimated age of divergence of 2100 generations. In the Crimea and the extreme Western Caucasus, STRUCTURE revealed a mixture of the Balkan and West Caucasian clusters, which, in combination with chloroplast DNA data, indicates their origin as a result of multiple migrations. This group of populations contains only West Caucasian and Crimean endemic chloroplast haplotypes, without the presence of Balkan haplotypes, which indicates the introgression of the genes of the Balkan cluster into the Crimean and West Caucasian populations through pollen flow, without seed transfer. The age of occurrence of this grouping was estimated at 510 generations.
- Subjects
CAUCASUS; EASTERN Europe; ENGLISH oak; GENETIC variation; CHLOROPLAST DNA; DURMAST oak; LAST Glacial Maximum
- Publication
Russian Journal of Ecology, 2023, Vol 54, Issue 5, p423
- ISSN
1067-4136
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1134/S1067413623050089