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- Title
Depression, anxiety, and stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with history of recurrent pregnancy loss in Nigeria.
- Authors
Eleje, George U.; Oguejiofor, Charlotte B.; Oriji, Sunday O.; Ekwuazi, Kingsley E.; Ugwu, Emmanuel O.; Igbodike, Emeka P.; Malachy, Divinefavour E.; Nwankwo, Ekeuda U.; Onah, Christian E.; Ugboaja, Joseph O.; Ikechebelu, Joseph I.; Nwagha, Uchenna I.
- Abstract
Objective: The primary purpose of this study was to examine whether pregnant women with a history of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are more likely to experience moderate-to-severe depression, anxiety, or stress symptoms than pregnant women without a history of RPL. The secondary purpose was to determine whether women with prior RPL experienced more unfavorable pregnancy outcomes if they had depression, anxiety, or stress. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted that included 47 pregnant women with a history of RPL and 94 pregnant women without prior RPL. Participants 20 weeks of gestation or earlier were included. Both groups completed the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and were followed up until delivery to determine the pregnancy outcomes. Multivariate logistic regression was used to compare adverse pregnancy outcomes. Result: Among the 47 women with prior RPL, 10 had primary RPL (two or more miscarriages without a successful pregnancy) and 37 secondary RPL (two or more miscarriages with a history of successful pregnancy). RPL was significantly associated with moderate-to-severe levels of depression (P < .001), anxiety (P < .001), and stress (P < .001). Among the RPL group, high stress level was significantly associated with repeat miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 5.28, 95%CI = 1.25-100.0, P = .03) and preterm labor (AOR = 6.07, 95%CI = 1.61-100.0, P = .04). Depression and anxiety were not associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: Pregnant women with a history of RPL had considerably higher rates of moderate-to-severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Repeat miscarriage and preterm labor were considerably higher among pregnant women with RPL who were experiencing high stress levels at baseline.
- Subjects
NIGERIA; LOGISTIC regression analysis; ANXIETY; PREGNANCY outcomes; PREGNANT women; MULTIVARIATE analysis; PERINATAL death; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ODDS ratio; PSYCHOLOGICAL stress; DISEASE relapse; CONFIDENCE intervals; MENTAL depression; RECURRENT miscarriage
- Publication
International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 2024, Vol 59, Issue 3, p303
- ISSN
0091-2174
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1177/00912174231199215