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- Title
Decoupling body shape and mass distribution in birds and their dinosaurian ancestors.
- Authors
Macaulay, Sophie; Hoehfurtner, Tatjana; Cross, Samuel R. R.; Marek, Ryan D.; Hutchinson, John R.; Schachner, Emma R.; Maher, Alice E.; Bates, Karl T.
- Abstract
It is accepted that non-avian theropod dinosaurs, with their long muscular tails and small forelimbs, had a centre-of-mass close to the hip, while extant birds, with their reduced tails and enlarged wings have their mass centred more cranially. Transition between these states is considered crucial to two key innovations in the avian locomotor system: crouched bipedalism and powered flight. Here we use image-based models to challenge this dichotomy. Rather than a phylogenetic distinction between 'dinosaurian' and 'avian' conditions, we find terrestrial versus volant taxa occupy distinct regions of centre-of-mass morphospace consistent with the disparate demands of terrestrial bipedalism and flight. We track this decoupled evolution of body shape and mass distribution through bird evolution, including the origin of centre-of-mass positions more advantageous for flight and major reversions coincident with terrestriality. We recover modularity in the evolution of limb proportions and centre-of-mass that suggests fully crouched bipedalism evolved after powered flight. Here, the authors track the evolution of mass distribution through bird evolution challenging suggested coupling between body shape and centre-of-mass position, and instead showing that crouched bipedalism evolved after powered flight.
- Subjects
MUSCULOSKELETAL system; BIPEDALISM; AVIAN anatomy; FORELIMB; ANCESTORS
- Publication
Nature Communications, 2023, Vol 14, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2041-1723
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41467-023-37317-y