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- Title
Substantial Intra-Individual Variability in Post-Prandial Time to Peak in Controlled and Free-Living Conditions in Children with Type 1 Diabetes.
- Authors
Bell, Emily; Binkowski, Sabrina; Sanderson, Elaine; Keating, Barbara; Smith, Grant; Harray, Amelia J.; Davis, Elizabeth A.
- Abstract
The optimal time to bolus insulin for meals is challenging for children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Current guidelines to control glucose excursions do not account for individual differences in glycaemic responses to meals. This study aimed to examine the within- and between-person variability in time to peak (TTP) glycaemic responses after consuming meals under controlled and free-living conditions. Participants aged 8–15 years with T1D ≥ 1 year and using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) were recruited. Participants consumed a standardised breakfast for six controlled days and maintained their usual daily routine for 14 free-living days. CGM traces were collected after eating. Linear mixed models were used to identify within- and between-person variability in the TTP after each of the controlled breakfasts, free-living breakfasts (FLB), and free-living dinners (FLD) conditions. Thirty participants completed the study (16 females; mean age and standard deviation (SD) 10.5 (1.9)). The TTP variability was greater within a person than the variability between people for all three meal types (between-person vs. within-person SD; controlled breakfast 18.5 vs. 38.9 min; FLB 14.1 vs. 49.6 min; FLD 5.7 vs. 64.5 min). For the first time, the study showed that within-person variability in TTP glycaemic responses is even greater than between-person variability.
- Subjects
GLYCEMIC control; DIABETES; TYPE 1 diabetes; INGESTION; BLOOD sugar; SOCIAL context; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; BREAKFASTS; CHILDREN
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 11, p4154
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13114154