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- Title
Comprehensive Health Assessment 3 Months After Recovery From Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
- Authors
van den Borst, Bram; Peters, Jeannette B; Brink, Monique; Schoon, Yvonne; Bleeker-Rovers, Chantal P; Schers, Henk; Hees, Hieronymus W H van; Helvoort, Hanneke van; van den Boogaard, Mark; van der Hoeven, Hans; Reijers, Monique H; Prokop, Mathias; Vercoulen, Jan; van den Heuvel, Michel
- Abstract
Background Long-term health sequelae of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be multiple but have thus far not been systematically studied. Methods All patients discharged after COVID-19 from the Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, were consecutively invited to a multidisciplinary outpatient facility. Also, nonadmitted patients with mild disease but with symptoms persisting >6 weeks could be referred by general practitioners. Patients underwent a standardized assessment including measurements of lung function, chest computed tomography (CT)/X-ray, 6-minute walking test, body composition, and questionnaires on mental, cognitive, health status, and quality of life (QoL). Results 124 patients (59 ± 14 years, 60% male) were included: 27 with mild, 51 with moderate, 26 with severe, and 20 with critical disease. Lung diffusion capacity was below the lower limit of normal in 42% of discharged patients. 99% of discharged patients had reduced ground-glass opacification on repeat CT imaging, and normal chest X-rays were found in 93% of patients with mild disease. Residual pulmonary parenchymal abnormalities were present in 91% of discharged patients and correlated with reduced lung diffusion capacity. Twenty-two percent had low exercise capacity, 19% low fat-free mass index, and problems in mental and/or cognitive function were found in 36% of patients. Health status was generally poor, particularly in the domains functional impairment (64%), fatigue (69%), and QoL (72%). Conclusions This comprehensive health assessment revealed severe problems in several health domains in a substantial number of ex–COVID-19 patients. Longer follow-up studies are warranted to elucidate natural trajectories and to find predictors of complicated long-term trajectories of recovery.
- Subjects
RISK-taking behavior; DISEASE progression; BODY composition; COGNITION disorders; COVID-19; EXERCISE tolerance; TIME; CONVALESCENCE; LUNGS; CORONAVIRUS diseases; HEALTH status indicators; MENTAL health; RISK assessment; WALKING; QUALITY of life; RESPIRATORY organ abnormalities; QUESTIONNAIRES; COMPUTED tomography; FATIGUE (Physiology); ACUTE diseases; DISCHARGE planning; DISEASE complications
- Publication
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2021, Vol 73, Issue 5, pe1089
- ISSN
1058-4838
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/cid/ciaa1750