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- Title
A dietary cholesterol challenge study to assess Chlorella supplementation in maintaining healthy lipid levels in adults: a double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
- Authors
Sangmi Kim; Joohee Kim; Yeni Lim; You Jin Kim; Ji Yeon Kim; Oran Kwon; Kim, Sangmi; Kim, Joohee; Lim, Yeni; Kim, You Jin; Kim, Ji Yeon; Kwon, Oran
- Abstract
<bold>Background: </bold>Previous animal studies suggested that Chlorella, a unicellular green alga, has a preventive role in maintaining serum cholesterol levels against excess dietary cholesterol intake. This study aimed to conduct a pioneering investigation to clarify this issue in healthy subjects by adopting a dietary cholesterol challenge, which has not been used previously in similar studies of Chlorella in hypercholesterolemia.<bold>Methods: </bold>In this double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, 34 participants ingested 510 mg of dietary cholesterol from three eggs concomitantly with a usual dose of Chlorella (5 g/d) or a matched placebo for 4 weeks.<bold>Results: </bold>The dietary cholesterol challenge induced consistently higher concentrations of serum total cholesterol (TC, P < 0.001), LDL-C (P = 0.004), and HDL-C (P = 0.010) compared with baseline values, suggesting that the challenge was reliable. Thus, we observed a preventive action of Chlorella in maintaining serum TC versus placebo levels (3.5 % versus 9.8 %, respectively; P = 0.037) and LDL-C versus placebo levels (1.7 % versus 14.3 %, respectively; P = 0.012) against excessive dietary cholesterol intake and in augmenting HDL-C versus placebo levels (8.3 % versus 3.8 %, respectively). Furthermore, serum α-carotene showed the best separation between the placebo and Chlorella groups (R(2)X and R(2)Y > 0.5; Q(2) > 0.4).<bold>Conclusion: </bold>The results suggest that a fully replicated dietary cholesterol challenge may be useful in assessing the effectiveness of dietary supplements in maintaining the serum lipid profiles of adults whose habitual diets are high in cholesterol.<bold>Trial Registration: </bold>WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform ( KCT0000258 ).
- Subjects
CHLORELLA; LIPIDS; CHOLESTEROL; CAROTENOIDS; PLACEBOS; PHYSIOLOGY; HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA treatment; ALGAE; COMPARATIVE studies; DIET; CHOLESTEROL content of food; HIGH density lipoproteins; HYPERCHOLESTEREMIA; LOW density lipoproteins; RESEARCH methodology; MEDICAL cooperation; RESEARCH; TRIGLYCERIDES; EVALUATION research; BODY mass index; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; TREATMENT effectiveness; BLIND experiment
- Publication
Nutrition Journal, 2016, p1
- ISSN
1475-2891
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1186/s12937-016-0174-9