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- Title
Modeling Preferential Water Flow and Pesticide Leaching to Drainpipes: The Effect of Drain‐Connecting and Matrix‐Terminating Biopores.
- Authors
Holbak, M.; Abrahamsen, P.; Diamantopoulos, E.
- Abstract
Biopores and cracks in soils act as fast transport pathways for water and solute, potentially leading to pesticide leaching shortly after application. The biopore module in the agrohydrological model Daisy was developed to simulate preferential water flow directly to drainpipes, in drain‐connecting biopores, and to deeper soil layers, in matrix‐terminating biopores. We tested the biopore module in Daisy against field measurements of water flow and transport of bentazone and imidacloprid after application to a cracking clay field. We generated two model concepts, drain‐connecting biopores (DCB) with drain‐connecting biopores and drain‐connecting and matrix‐terminating biopore (DCMTB) with both drain‐connecting and matrix‐terminating biopores. Parameters describing the biopores were estimated by inverse modeling of observations of water flow and pesticide concentrations in drains. After calibration, both models satisfactorily simulated water flow and pesticide leaching to drains (root‐mean‐square error (RMSE)‐observations standard deviation ratio (RSR) < 0.1). Particularly, the results showed that the models were able to describe the high concentration of bentazone in drain water shortly after application. Thus, the simpler DCB model preformed just as well or better than the more complex DCMTB model (ΔAIC = 4.68 [AIC, Akaike information criteria]). Discrepancies between observations and simulations in the beginning of the drainage season were attributed to the limitations that arise when simulating dynamic DCB flow paths with a static biopore model. The pesticide distribution in the field over time was well represented, especially by the DCMTB model. We therefore conclude that Daisy can simulate fast breakthrough of pesticides in drain water and describe very well pesticide concentration in drain water throughout the drainage season. Plain Language Summary: Pesticides used in agricultural production can end up in lakes, streams, and groundwater. In drained agricultural fields, pesticides can move with the drain water to adjacent streams. Most pesticides in current use degrade fast or sorb to the soil to prevent movement to the surrounding environment. However, there are paths in the soil where water can flow fast and carry pesticides to deeper soil layers and drainpipes. These fast transport paths comprise of earthworm burrows, root channels, cracks, and fissures in the soil. Environmental computer models describing the soil‐plant‐atmosphere system are used to investigate pesticide fate after application. Daisy is such a model and includes a biopore module describing fast transport of pesticides to deeper soil layers and drainpipes. In this study, we investigate whether Daisy can simulate pesticide leaching observed in a clay field in Andelst, The Netherlands. We built two models, one with biopores terminating at the drainpipe and one with some biopores terminating at the drainpipe and others at deeper soil layers. We show that the models can simulate the observed pesticide movement in the field and that the results, in terms of pesticide leaching to drainpipes, are similar for the two models. Key Points: Daisy, including a biopore module, could describe pesticide distribution and transport to drains in a clay fieldTransport in drain‐connecting biopores explained the fast breakthrough of pesticides in drains shortly after applicationFor pesticide in drains, the model with drain‐connecting biopores preformed just as well as the model also with matrix‐terminating biopores
- Subjects
NETHERLANDS; PESTICIDE pollution; PESTICIDES; LEACHING; AKAIKE information criterion; SOIL cracking
- Publication
Water Resources Research, 2022, Vol 58, Issue 7, p1
- ISSN
0043-1397
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2021WR031608