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- Title
Diffusion gradient nonlinearity bias correction reduces bias of breast cancer bone metastasis ADC values.
- Authors
Buus, Thomas W.; Jensen, Anders B.; Pedersen, Erik M.
- Abstract
<bold>Contract Grant Sponsor: </bold>Health Research Fund of Central Denmark Region.<bold>Background: </bold>Diffusion gradient nonlinearity (DGNL) bias causes apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values to drop with increasing superior-inferior (SI) isocenter offset. This is a concern when performing quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).<bold>Purpose/hypothesis: </bold>To investigate if DGNL ADC bias can be corrected in breast cancer bone metastases using a clinical DWI protocol and an online correction algorithm.<bold>Study Type: </bold>Prospective.<bold>Subjects/phantom: </bold>A diffusion phantom (Model 128, High Precision Devices, Boulder, CO) was used for in vitro validation. Twenty-three women with bone-metastasizing breast cancer were enrolled to assess DGNL correction in vivo.<bold>Field Strength/sequence: </bold>DWI was performed on a 1.5T MRI system as single-shot, spin-echo, echo-planar imaging with short-tau inversion recovery (STIR) fat-saturation. ADC maps with and without DGNL correction were created from the b50 and b800 images.<bold>Assessment: </bold>Uncorrected and DGNL-corrected ADC values were measured in phantom and bone metastases by placing regions of interest on b800 images and copying them to the ADC map. The SI offset was recorded.<bold>Statistical Tests: </bold>In all, 79 bone metastases were assessed. ADC values with and without DGNL correction were compared at 14 cm SI offset using a two-tailed t-test.<bold>Results: </bold>In the diffusion phantom, DGNL correction increased SI offset, where ADC bias was lower than 5%, from 7.3-13.8 cm. Of the 23 patients examined, six had no metastases in the covered regions. In the remaining patients, bias of uncorrected bone metastasis ADC values was 19.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.4-22.9%) at 14 cm SI offset. After DGNL correction, ADC bias was significantly reduced to 3.5% (95% CI: 0.7-6.3%, P < 0.001), thus reducing bias due to DGNL by 82%.<bold>Data Conclusion: </bold>Online DGNL correction corrects DGNL ADC value bias and allows increased station lengths in the SI direction.<bold>Level Of Evidence: </bold>2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:904-911.
- Subjects
METASTATIC breast cancer; ECHO-planar imaging; DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging; BREAST cancer; BONE metastasis
- Publication
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 2020, Vol 51, Issue 3, p904
- ISSN
1053-1807
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1002/jmri.26873