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- Title
Density-independent and density-dependent factors affecting spatio-temporal dynamics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) distribution in the Gulf of Maine.
- Authors
Li, Zengguang; Ye, Zhenjiang; Wan, Rong; Tanaka, Kisei R; Boenish, Robert; Chen, Yong; Anderson, Handling editor: Emory
- Abstract
Due to strong spatial interplays between intraspecific interactions and environmental forcing, both density-dependent and density-independent processes can affect spatio-temporal dynamics of fish populations in a spatially explicit fashion. To this end, this study investigated the underlying mechanisms of spatio-temporal dynamics of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Gulf of Maine (GoM). Based on the data from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center (NEFSC) bottom-trawl surveys in spring and fall from 1982 to 2013, empirical cumulative distribution function (ECDF) curves and geographic distribution indices were used to examine the species–environment and abundance–occupancy relationship, respectively. Then, a variable-coefficient generalized additive model was constructed to quantify the simultaneous effects of environmental variables and population size on the spatio-temporal dynamics of cod distribution. Area occupied remained relatively high through the late 1990s, but underwent a pronounced contraction into the western GoM (WGoM) for the reminder of the time-series. The model results suggest that the spatio-temporal dynamics of GoM cod have been driven by complex interactions of density-dependent and density-independent factors over the past three decades. Better knowledge of these dynamics can improve our understanding of the causality of abundance–occupancy and species–environment relationships and help to reduce error estimates for survey-based indices.
- Subjects
GULF of Maine; ATLANTIC cod; DENSITY dependence (Ecology); FISH populations; CLIMATE change; DATA analysis
- Publication
ICES Journal of Marine Science / Journal du Conseil, 2018, Vol 75, Issue 4, p1329
- ISSN
1054-3139
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/icesjms/fsx246