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- Title
Oral Manifestations of Nutritional Deficiencies: A Micro Review of Macro Issues in the Mouth.
- Authors
Mulla, Sayem Anwarhussain; Ansari, Aishah; Bhattacharjee, Minakshi; Patil, Amit Hemraj; Methal, Sandhya A.
- Abstract
Introduction: A balanced diet is imperative to maintain the normal physiological state of the human body. The tissues of the oral cavity have their own specific needs, which, if left unfulfilled, lead to symptoms of nutritional deficiencies. Objectives: The present article reviews the oral signs and clinical presentations of various macronutrients and micronutrients deficiencies. Material and Methods: Data was collected by electronic search of databases including PubMed and Google Scholar for macronutrients deficiency, micronutrients deficiency and oral manifestations. Result: Nutrients are broadly classified into two; macronutrients and micronutrients, depending on their necessity to the body. Macronutrients include proteins, carbohydrates and fats whereas micronutrients include Vitamins A, B, B12, C, D, minerals like iron, magnesium, calcium, zinc, iodine, fluoride etc. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is caused by an insufficient intake of calories, and as a result, protein. This disorder is closely linked to developmental anomalies in primary as well as secondary dentition. Enamel hypoplasia is a common anomaly associated with most micronutrient deficiencies. Conclusion: Symptomatic expressions of nutritional deficiencies are widely known to the public, but little attention is paid to oral manifestations. Hence, this study aims to highlight the wide range of disorders and illnesses caused by nutritional deficiencies in the oral cavity.
- Subjects
ORAL manifestations of general diseases; MALNUTRITION; PROTEIN-energy malnutrition; PERMANENT dentition; MICRONUTRIENTS; MOUTH; DEFICIENCY diseases
- Publication
Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology Journal, 2023, Vol 14, Issue 2, p217
- ISSN
0976-1225
- Publication type
Article