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- Title
Are obstetrical, perinatal, and infantile difficulties associated with pediatric bipolar disorder?
- Authors
Martelon, MaryKate; Wilens, Timothy E; Anderson, Jesse P; Morrison, Nicholas R; Wozniak, Janet
- Abstract
Martelon MK, Wilens TE, Anderson JP, Morrison NR, Wozniak J. Are obstetrical, perinatal, and infantile difficulties associated with pediatric bipolar disorder? Bipolar Disord 2012: 14: 507-514. © 2012 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Objectives: Despite increasing acknowledgement of bipolar disorder (BD) in childhood, there is a paucity of literature that has investigated obstetrical, perinatal, and infantile difficulties and their potential link with BD. To this end, we examined difficulties during delivery, immediate post-birth, and infancy and the association with BD in childhood. Methods: From two similarly designed, ongoing, longitudinal, case-control family studies of pediatric BD (N = 327 families), we analyzed 338 children and adolescents [mean (± standard deviation) age: 12.00 ± 3.37 years]. We stratified them into three groups: healthy controls (N = 98), BD probands (N = 120), and their non-affected siblings (N = 120). All families were comprehensively assessed with a structured psychiatric diagnostic interview for psychopathology and substance use. Mothers were directly questioned regarding the pregnancy, delivery, and infancy difficulties that occurred with each child using a module from the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Parent Version (DICA-P). Results: Mothers of BD subjects were more likely to report difficulties during infancy than mothers of controls [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) = 6.6 (3.0, 14.6)]. Specifically, children with BD were more likely to have been reported as a stiffened infant [7.2 (1.1, 47.1)] and more likely to have experienced 'other' infantile difficulties [including acting colicky; 4.9 (1.3, 18.8)] compared to controls. We found no significant differences between groups in regards to obstetrical or perinatal difficulties (all p values > 0.05). Conclusions: While our results add to previous literature on obstetrical and perinatal difficulties and BD, they also highlight characteristics in infancy that may be prognostic indicators for pediatric BD.
- Subjects
BIPOLAR disorder in children; CHILDREN with intellectual disabilities; PATHOLOGICAL psychology; PERINATAL pharmacology; DIAGNOSIS; PEDIATRICS
- Publication
Bipolar Disorders, 2012, Vol 14, Issue 5, p507
- ISSN
1398-5647
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1399-5618.2012.01027.x