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- Title
Association of Serum Very-Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids With Changes in Insulin Sensitivity and β-Cell Function: The Prospective Metabolism and Islet Cell Evaluation (PROMISE) Cohort.
- Authors
Lai, Kira Zhi Hua; Semnani-Azad, Zhila; Boucher, Beatrice A.; Retnakaran, Ravi; Harris, Stewart B.; Malik, Vasanti; Bazinet, Richard P.; Hanley, Anthony J.
- Abstract
A unique group of circulating very-long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs), including arachidic acid (20:0), behenic acid (22:0), and lignoceric acid (24:0), have been associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, although associations with early metabolic risk phenotypes preceding type 2 diabetes have received limited study. We aimed to examine the associations of VLCSFAs with longitudinal changes in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function in a cohort at risk for type 2 diabetes. VLCSFAs in the four main serum pools (phospholipid, triacylglycerol, cholesteryl ester, and nonesterified fatty acid) were extracted from fasting baseline samples (n = 467). Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the associations between VLCSFAs and changes over 9 years in validated indices of insulin sensitivity (HOMA2-%S [insulin sensitivity as percentage of normal population and ISI) and β-cell function (insulinogenic index [IGI], IGI divided by HOMA-insulin resistance [IGI/IR], and insulin secretion sensitivity index 2 [ISSI-2]). Associations of VLCSFAs with outcomes were strongest in the triacylglycerol lipid pool: 20:0 was positively associated with both insulin sensitivity and β-cell function (5.01% increase in HOMA2-%S and 4.01–6.28% increase in IGI/IR and ISSI-2 per SD increase in 20:0); 22:0 was positively associated with insulin sensitivity, with a 6.55% increase in HOMA2-%S and a 5.80% increase in ISI per SD increase in 22:0. Lastly, 24:0 was positively associated with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function (7.94–8.45% increase in HOMA2-%S and ISI, and a 4.61–6.93% increase in IGI/IR and ISSI-2 per SD increase in 24:0). Fewer significant associations were observed in the cholesteryl ester and nonesterified pools. Overall, our results indicate positive longitudinal associations of VLCSFAs with insulin sensitivity and β-cell function, especially within the triacylglycerol pool. Article Highlights: Circulating very long-chain saturated fatty acids (VLCSFAs) were inversely associated with risk phenotypes for type 2 diabetes. Current literature is limited in examining the associations of VLCSFAs in separate lipid pools, which may reflect different metabolic functions, with early risk of type 2 diabetes. This study showed that VLCSFAs in the triacylglycerol pool were associated with improved insulin sensitivity and β-cell function over 9 years.
- Subjects
INSULIN sensitivity; ISLANDS of Langerhans; CELL metabolism; FREE fatty acids; FATTY acids
- Publication
Diabetes, 2023, Vol 72, Issue 11, p1664
- ISSN
0012-1797
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2337/db22-1050