We found a match
Your institution may have access to this item. Find your institution then sign in to continue.
- Title
Major ion compositions of springs and rivers in western Bhutan.
- Authors
Murakami, Tetuo; Ueno, Kaoru; Ohashi, Yuko; Fujii, Taichi; Hayashi, Yumiko; Grung, Tayan Raj; Minami, Motoyasu
- Abstract
We describe the water quality of springs and rivers at several sampling timepoints from November 2012 to March 2016 in the western region of the Kingdom of Bhutan, where there have been few limnological studies under a national isolation policy. The major ion composition for most of the 127 water samples was the Ca-HCO3 type. No indication of anthropogenic pollution such as domestic sewage or applied fertilizer was detected; concentrations of both Cl− and NO3− ions were very low. Although electrical conductivity showed high value due to high concentration of Ca2+ derived from the bedrock, it cannot be used as an indicator of anthropogenic pollution in hard waters. The low Cl− and NO3− levels obtained in the present study could be used as baseline data to monitor future pollution caused by increases in population or by decreases in river flow rates.
- Subjects
BHUTAN; SEWAGE; WATER pollution; WATER hardness; WATER quality; STREAMFLOW
- Publication
Limnology, 2024, Vol 25, Issue 1, p111
- ISSN
1439-8621
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10201-023-00723-8