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- Title
Paclitaxel (Taxol) upregulates expression of functional interleukin-6 in human ovarian cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways.
- Authors
Wang, T.-H.; Chan, Y.-H.; Chen, C.-W.; Kung, W.-H.; Lee, Y.-S.; Wang, S.-T.; Chang, T.-C.; Wang, H.-S.
- Abstract
Paclitaxel (Taxol) is an antineoplastic agent that specifically targets microtubules and arrests cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In addition to mitotic arrest, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway has been demonstrated to be involved in the process leading to apoptosis. In an attempt to explore what genes are transcriptionally regulated by the activated JNK signaling pathway upon paclitaxel treatment, we used cDNA microarrays to analyse the changes of gene expression in human ovarian cancer cells that were treated with paclitaxel and/or the JNK inhibitor SP600125. Among 20 genes that were specifically regulated by the paclitaxel-activated JNK pathway, interleukin (IL)-6 was shown to elicit function through the JAK–STAT signaling pathway in an autocrine and/or paracrine fashion. Subsequently, we identified that 87.5% of eight tested ovarian cancer lines secreted detectable levels of IL-6, which could be further upregulated 2-3.2 fold by 1 μM paclitaxel. Dissection on regulatory pathways for IL-6 indicated that (i) when ovarian cancer cells were treated with paclitaxel at low but clinically achievable concentrations (exemplified by 1 μM in this study), the JNK signaling pathway was the major stimulator of IL-6 gene regulation and (ii) at suprapharmacologically high concentrations (exemplified by 50 μM), paclitaxel exerted lipopolysaccharide-like effects, most likely through the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway. Collectively, these results suggest that paclitaxel upregulates functional IL-6 expression in human ovarian cancer cells through multiple signaling pathways.
- Subjects
OVARIAN cancer; ANTINEOPLASTIC agents; MICROTUBULES; CELL cycle; APOPTOSIS; GENES; PACLITAXEL
- Publication
Oncogene, 2006, Vol 25, Issue 35, p4857
- ISSN
0950-9232
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.onc.1209498