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- Title
SEAS5: the new ECMWF seasonal forecast system.
- Authors
Johnson, Stephanie J.; Stockdale, Timothy N.; Ferranti, Laura; Balmaseda, Magdalena A.; Molteni, Franco; Magnusson, Linus; Tietsche, Steffen; Decremer, Damien; Weisheimer, Antje; Balsamo, Gianpaolo; Keeley, Sarah P. E.; Mogensen, Kristian; Zuo, Hao; Monge-Sanz, Beatriz M.
- Abstract
In this paper we describe SEAS5, ECMWF's fifth generation seasonal forecast system, which became operational in November 2017. Compared to its predecessor, System 4, SEAS5 is a substantially changed forecast system. It includes upgraded versions of the atmosphere and ocean models at higher resolutions, and adds a prognostic sea-ice model. Here, we describe the configuration of SEAS5 and summarise the most noticeable results from a set of diagnostics including biases, variability, teleconnections and forecast skill. An important improvement in SEAS5 is the reduction of the equatorial Pacific cold tongue bias, which is accompanied by a more realistic El Niño amplitude and an improvement in El Niño prediction skill over the central-west Pacific. Improvements in 2 m temperature skill are also clear over the tropical Pacific. Sea-surface temperature (SST) biases in the northern extratropics change due to increased ocean resolution, especially in regions associated with western boundary currents. The increased ocean resolution exposes a new problem in the northwest Atlantic, where SEAS5 fails to capture decadal variability of the North Atlantic subpolar gyre, resulting in a degradation of DJF 2 m temperature prediction skill in this region. The prognostic sea-ice model improves seasonal predictions of sea-ice cover, although some regions and seasons suffer from biases introduced by employing a fully dynamical model rather than the simple, empirical scheme used in System 4. There are also improvements in 2 m temperature skill in the vicinity of the Arctic sea-ice edge. Cold temperature biases in the troposphere improve, but increase at the tropopause. Biases in the extratropical jets are larger than in System 4: extratropical jets are too strong, and displaced northwards in JJA. In summary, development and added complexity since System 4 has ensured that SEAS5 is a state-of-the-art seasonal forecast system which continues to display a particular strength in the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction.
- Subjects
LONG-range weather forecasting; SOUTHERN oscillation; COLD (Temperature); ATMOSPHERIC models; FORECASTING; TROPOPAUSE
- Publication
Geoscientific Model Development, 2019, Vol 12, Issue 3, p1087
- ISSN
1991-959X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5194/gmd-12-1087-2019