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- Title
Lead release from premise plumbing: a profile of sample collection and pilot studies from a small system.
- Authors
Gagnon, Graham A.; Doubrough, Joelle D.
- Abstract
The objective of this project was to examine the ability of a small system to meet new corrosion control operational guidelines in Canada. This study was conducted in three parallel program areas: ( a) use of community volunteers, ( b) sampling at controlled municipal buildings, and ( c) conducting a pilot-scale program. The study site was a community with an approximate population of 7000. The water quality of the treated water had a low alkalinity (<5 mg/L as CaCO3) and a target pH range of 7.0-7.5. The plant corrosion control program consisted of pH adjustment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and the addition of an orthophosphate-polyphosphate blend at a dose of 1.0 mg/L (as product). From the volunteer sample sites, it was found that all collected water samples were below the Canadian health-based guideline for lead of 10 μg/L. For the municipal building sites, 20 consecutive 1 L samples were used to identify lead occurrence. Two sites exceeded 10 μg/L for some sequential samples, however only one site (public works building) exceeded the guideline in the first 2 L. The public works building had the lowest pH (∼7.0), whereas other sites had pH values closer to 7.4. Pilot-scale studies further confirmed that lead release was an issue at a pH of 7.0 and could be better managed at a pH of 7.5 or above. This study demonstrated that small systems need to ensure that water quality factors (e.g., pH stability), in addition to corrosion inhibitors, are managed and optimized to ensure successful corrosion control programs.
- Subjects
CANADA; LEAD; PLUMBING; CORROSION &; anti-corrosives; APPROXIMATION theory; WATER quality; WATER purification; POLYPHOSPHATES
- Publication
Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 2011, Vol 38, Issue 7, p741
- ISSN
0315-1468
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1139/l11-044