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- Title
Boreal forest BVOCs exchange: emissions versus in-canopy sinks.
- Authors
Putian Zhou; Ganzeveld, Laurens; Taipale, Ditte; Rannik, Üllar; Rantala, Pekka; Rissanen, Matti P.; Chen, Dean; Boy, Michael
- Abstract
A multi-layer gas dry deposition model has been developed and implemented into a 1-dimensional chemical transport model SOSAA (a model to Simulate the concentrations of Organic vapours, Sulphuric Acid and Aerosols) to calculate the dry deposition velocities for all the gas species included in the chemistry scheme. The new model was used to analyse in-canopy sources and sinks, including gas emissions, chemical production and loss, dry deposition and turbulent transport of 12 featured biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) or groups of BVOCs (e.g., monoterpenes, isoprene+2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO), sesquiterpenes and oxidation products of mono- and sesquiterpenes) in July, 2010 at the boreal forest site SMEAR II (Station to Measure Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations II). According to the significance of modeled monthly averaged individual source and sink terms inside the canopy, the selected BVOCs were classified into five categories: (1) most of emitted gases are transported out of the canopy (monoterpenes, isoprene+MBO), (2) chemical reactions remove a significant portion of emitted gases (sesquiterpenes), (3) bidirectional fluxes occur since both emission and dry deposition are crucial for the in-canopy concentration tendency (acetaldehyde, methanol, acetone, formaldehyde), (4) gases removed by deposition inside the canopy are compensated by the gases transported from above the canopy (acetol, pinic acid, β-caryophyllene's oxidation product BCSOZOH), and finally (5) the chemical production is comparable to the sink by deposition (isoprene's oxidation products ISOP34OOH and ISOP34NO3). Most of the simulated sources and sinks were located above about 4 m for oxidation products and above about 8 m for emitted species except formaldehyde. In addition, soil deposition (including deposition onto understory vegetation) contributed 11-61 % to the overall in-canopy deposition. The emission sources peaked at about 14-16 m which was higher than 10 m where the maximum of dry deposition onto overstorey vegetation was located. This study provided a method to enable the quantification of the exchange between atmosphere and biosphere for numerous BVOCs, which could be applied in large-scale models in future. With this more explicit canopy exchange modeling system this study analysed both the temporal and spatial variations of individual in-caonpy sources and sinks, as well as their combined effects on driving BVOCs exchange. Twelve featured BVOCs or BVOC groups were analyzed in this study, more compounds could also be investigated similarly by being classified into the five categories.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; AIR quality; CHEMICAL products manufacturing
- Publication
Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics Discussions, 2017, p1
- ISSN
1680-7367
- Publication type
Abstract
- DOI
10.5194/acp-2017-493