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- Title
Early-life enteric infections: relation between chronic systemic inflammation and poor cognition in children.
- Authors
Oriá, Reinaldo B.; Murray-Kolb, Laura E.; Scharf, Rebecca J.; Pendergast, Laura L.; Lang, Dennis R.; Kolling, Glynis L.; Guerrant, Richard L.
- Abstract
The intestinal microbiota undergoes active remodeling in the first 6 to 18 months of life, during which time the characteristics of the adult microbiota are developed. This process is strongly influenced by the early diet and enteric pathogens. Enteric infections and malnutrition early in life may favor microbiota dysbiosis and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, resulting in intestinal barrier dysfunction and trans-location of intestinal bacterial products, ultimately leading to low-grade, chronic, subclinical systemic inflammation. The leaky gut--derived low-grade systemic inflammation may have profound consequences on the gut--liver--brain axis, compromising normal growth, metabolism, and cognitive development. This review examines recent data suggesting that early-life enteric infections that lead to intestinal barrier disruption may shift the intestinal microbiota toward chronic systemic inflammation and subsequent impaired cognitive development.
- Subjects
COGNITION disorder risk factors; COGNITION disorders; GUT microbiome; MALNUTRITION; AMINO acids; ARGININE; BACTERIAL physiology; BRAIN; CHILD development; DIARRHEA; DIET; DIETARY supplements; GLUTAMINE; HOST-bacteria relationships; HUMAN growth; IMMUNE system; INFANT development; INFANT nutrition; INFECTION; INFLAMMATION; SMALL intestine; IRON; LIVER; MALABSORPTION syndromes; METABOLISM; ZINC compounds; PROBIOTICS; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES; EPIGENOMICS; DISEASE complications; CHILDREN; PREVENTION
- Publication
Nutrition Reviews, 2016, Vol 74, Issue 6, p374
- ISSN
0029-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/nutrit/nuw008