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- Title
Ionization Efficiency for Environmentally Relevant Compounds Using Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Versus Electrospray Ionization.
- Authors
Shrestha, Prakriya; Maloof, Katherine A.; Stephens, Alayna; Donald, Clayton P.; Tucker, Kevin R.
- Abstract
For solution-phase samples, the world of mass spectrometry defaults to electrospray ionization (ESI). ESI is used for the analysis of a broad variety of compounds, ranging from polar to moderately nonpolar. However, ESI possesses limitations that prevent the ionization of certain analytes--particularly nonpolar compounds. This study aims to compare the ionization efficiency of complementary ionization techniques, and to demonstrate that multiple methods can improve the analytical results with respect to limits of detection and matrix tolerance. Atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is an ionization method that complements ESI, excelling in the analysis of nonpolar and moderately polar analytes. In this study, we optimized methods using APPI and ESI for the detection and quantitation of pharmaceuticals frequently detected in the environment, including antibiotics, beta blockers, and selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and tested their matrix tolerance relative to artificial wastewater. While most of these compounds ionized preferentially by ESI, some performed significantly better using APPI.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC pressure; ELECTROSPRAY ionization mass spectrometry; PHOTOIONIZATION; ANTIBIOTIC residues; TRICLOCARBAN
- Publication
LC-GC Europe, 2021, Vol 34, Issue 9, p359
- ISSN
1471-6577
- Publication type
Article